Evaluation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst recovery efficiencies from various filtration cartridges by electrochemiluminescence assays

Abstract

. Various dosages of C. parvum oocysts were spiked into water samples with a wide range of turbidity (10-50 NTU). Electrochemiluminescence assays were employed to enumerate viable or total number of C. parvum oocysts in these eluates. Among the cartridges tested, Filta-Max consistently showed higher oocyst recovery efficiency, especially with large volume, highly turbid water samples. Conclusions: Filtra-Max filter is the best performer because of its higher oocyst recovery efficiency. Significance and Impact of the Study: The overall sensitivities of various C. parvum oocyst detection assays in water samples can be improved if highly efficient oocyst recovery filtration cartridges such as Filtra-Max are incorporated in sample preparation.

Comparison of three methods to concentrate Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts from surface and drinking waters

“…For instance, studies have shown that livestock activities in catchment areas pose a major threat to surface water quality (Scott et al 2002;Ferguson et al 2003). Many membrane filtration techniques have been developed and used to quantify the presence of both Giardia and/or Cryptosporidium in surface and treated water samples, including pleated-membrane capsule filters (Nieminski et al 1995;Simmons et al 2001;Lee et al 2004;Wohlsen et al 2004), polycarbonate membrane filters (Nieminski et al 1995;Shepherd & Wyn-Jones 1996), cellulose-acetate membrane filters (Shepherd & Wyn-Jones 1996), compressed-foam depth filters (Lee et al 2004;Wohlsen et al 2004), hollow-fiber filters (Simmons et al 2001) and yarn-wound cartridge filters (Nieminski et al 1995). Procedures with these filters may require a purification step of the (oo)cyst suspension using either Percoll-sucrose flotation or immunomagnetic separation.…”

A high-flux isopore micro-fabricated membrane for effective concentration and recovering of waterborne pathogens

“…Many membrane filtration techniques have been developed and employed to quantify the presence of these parasites in surface and treated water samples, including polycarbonate track-etched membrane filter (Lee et al 2004), compressed-foam depth filters (Wohlsen et al 2004), and yarn-wound cartridge filters (Nieminski et al 1995). Efficiency assessment of these membranes has shown various degrees of recovery for Giardia and/ or Cryptosporidium (Lee et al 2004;Wohlsen et al 2004;Karim et al 2010). The major drawbacks which normally lead to poor cell recovery in current techniques are mainly associated to the structure of these filters.…”

Genotypic Characterization of Cryptosporidium hominis from Water Samples in São Paulo, Brazil

“…In addition to the USEPA 1623 method, 38 other methods such as standard methods for examination of water and wastewater and the alternate method have been used worldwide. 8 These methods require filtration through filter membranes or cartridges, sample purification, and immunofluorescence visualization by using specific antibodies. 8 In Brazil, data on genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium from environmental samples are scarce.…”

“…8 These methods require filtration through filter membranes or cartridges, sample purification, and immunofluorescence visualization by using specific antibodies. 8 In Brazil, data on genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium from environmental samples are scarce. However, in our study, analysis of Cryptosporidium 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences obtained by the neighbor-joining method identified C .…”

“…Therefore, standardization of efficient, reproducible, and simple techniques are still needed to ensure that these methods will not remain restricted to research centers. 8 In São Paulo State, Brazil, studies have described the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water sources, 9-12 sewage, 13,14 bottled mineral water, 15 marine bivalve mollusks, 16 and day care centers, 17,18 but no waterborne infections have been reported.…”