Evaluation of corn-fermented protein as a dietary ingredient in extruded dog and cat diets

Smith, Spencer C; Aldrich, Charles G

doi:10.1093/tas/txad032

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These findings were similar to those of Yamka et al (2003), who reported that an increase in dietary fiber resulted in decreased digestion and greater fecal mass due to an increased rate of passage through the digestive system and decreased absorption. Previous studies have also reported increased fecal output in dogs consuming CFP compared with those consuming SBM, due to an increase in dietary fiber (Kilburn-Kappeler and Smith and Aldrich, 2023). However, in the current study, the fecal output of dogs fed CFP was comparable to that of those dogs fed CON and/or BDY, whereas a higher fecal output was observed for those dogs fed the BDY+DDGS treatment.…”

Section: Food Intake and Fecal Characteristicscontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…This shift in nutrient composition could improve nutrient digestibility and consumer perception of distillers dried grains, allowing for their increased use in pet food. Corn fermented protein has previously been compared with SBM and CGM in both dogs and cats (Kilburn-Kappeler et al, 2022;Kilburn-Kappeler and Aldrich, 2023;Smith and Aldrich, 2023). However, CFP has not been compared with traditional distillers dried grains when fed to dogs or cats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing the effects of corn fermented protein with traditional distillers dried grains fed to healthy adult dogs on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and palatability

Kilburn-Kappeler¹,

Almeida²,

Paulk³

et al. 2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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Traditional distillers dried grains, co-products from the ethanol industry, can be utilized as sustainable ingredients for pet food. However, negative consumer perception prevents their widespread use. Corn fermented protein (CFP) is produced using post-fermentation separation technology, resulting in a high protein ingredient, which may increase consumer appeal compared to traditional distillers dried grains. The study objective was to compare the effect of CFP with that of traditional distillers dried grains on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and palatability when fed to dogs. The control diet (CON) contained 15% soybean meal and the experimental diets contained 3.5% brewer’s dried yeast (BDY), 2.5% brewer’s dried yeast plus 17.5% distillers dried grains with solubles (BDY+DDGS), or 17.5% corn fermented protein (CFP). Experimental diets were fed to adult dogs (n = 12) in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design. Dogs were adapted to the diets for 9 days; this was followed by 5 days of total fecal collection. Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to all diets as an external marker to estimate digestibility. Data were analyzed using a mixed model in SAS, with treatment as a fixed effect and dog and period as random effects. Fecal output was greatest (p< 0.05) for dogs fed BDY+DDGS. The feces of dogs consuming CFP were firmer (p< 0.05) than those of dogs consuming CON and BDY+DDGS. Overall, nutrient digestibility was greatest (p< 0.05) for CON and BDY and lowest for BDY+DDGS, with that for CFP being intermediate. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in total short-chain or branched-chain fatty acid concentrations in the fresh fecal samples of dogs fed these dietary treatments. However, the percentage of propionate was higher (p< 0.05) in the fecal samples of dogs fed CON than in those of dogs fed BDY+DDGS, whereas the percentage of valerate was higher (p< 0.05) in the fecal samples of dogs fed CON than in those of dogs fed CFP. In the palatability evaluation, dogs had no preference when CON was compared with BDY or BDY+DDGS. However, dogs appeared to prefer CON over CFP. Overall, CFP resulted in improved stool quality and nutrient digestibility when compared with DDGS, which could increase consumer appeal for inclusion into pet food. The impact of CFP on palatability, however, warrants further investigation.

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Section: Food Intake and Fecal Characteristicscontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the effects of corn fermented protein with traditional distillers dried grains fed to healthy adult dogs on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and palatability

Kilburn-Kappeler¹,

Almeida²,

Paulk³

et al. 2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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“…Recently, new sources of plant-based protein have been considered, such as distillers dried grains with solublesor corn-fermented proteins. These protein sources are highly nutritional, and they also proved to be palatable to cats, possibly due to the presence of yeast, known for its high presence of nucleotides appreciated by cats [118].…”

Section: Protein Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights to Study, Understand and Manage Extruded Dry Pet Food Palatability

Le Guillas,

Vanacker,

Salles

et al. 2024

Animals

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Pet food production is a fast-growing industry. While extruded dry pet food is the favored pet food due to its convenience of use, it may have poorer palatability than other pet foods such as wet pet foods. However, palatability plays a pivotal role in meeting nutritional requirements or providing therapeutic benefits in cats and dogs, as it ensures food acceptance. Thus, both academics and manufacturers conduct routine palatability tests to assess acceptance and preference of products among pets, alongside sensory analyses involving human panels. Palatability is greatly influenced by species-specific and environmental factors in cats and dogs. The review will hence present the current knowledge on palatability assessment and animal food perception; it will then aim to explore strategies for effectively managing palatability in dry pet food by examining the impact of key ingredients and process parameters on the finished product’s palatability. Moreover, the demands and needs for sustainable and healthier products as well as supply constraints present novel challenges and opportunities for academics and manufacturers.

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“…According to a recent survey (6), only 19% of respondents would continue to buy pet foods with conventional protein sources, while 54% of respondents were interested in foods containing by-products, although 66% of them were not familiar with the term "by-products. " Increasing interest has emerged in alternative protein sources from terrestrial (7)(8)(9)(10) and aquatic (11,12) origin to replace conventional terrestrial ones due to their high nutritive value and lower environmental impact (13,14). Under a circular economy perspective, the utilization of by-products from aquatic sources offers additional advantages as it contributes to the reduction of waste and food-feed competition, and to a greater economic and environmental efficiency (15,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squid meal and shrimp hydrolysate as novel protein sources for dog food

Guilherme-Fernandes,

Aires,

Fonseca

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The world’s growing pet population is raising sustainability and environmental concerns for the petfood industry. Protein-rich marine by-products might contribute to mitigating negative environmental effects, decreasing waste, and improving economic efficiency. The present study evaluated two marine by-products, squid meal and shrimp hydrolysate, as novel protein sources for dog feeding. Along with the analysis of chemical composition and antioxidant activity, palatability was evaluated by comparing a commercial diet (basal diet) and diets with the inclusion of 150 g kg−1 of squid meal or shrimp hydrolysate using 12 Beagle dogs (2.2 ± 0.03 years). Two in vivo digestibility trials were conducted with six dogs, three experimental periods (10 days each) and three dietary inclusion levels (50, 100 and 150 g kg−1) of squid meal or shrimp hydrolysate in place of the basal diet to evaluate effects of inclusion level on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), metabolizable energy content, fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota. Both protein sources presented higher protein and methionine contents than ingredients traditionally used in dog food formulation. Shrimp hydrolysate showed higher antioxidant activity than squid meal. First approach and taste were not affected by the inclusion of protein sources, but animals showed a preference for the basal diet. Effects on nutrient intake reflected the chemical composition of diets, and fecal output and characteristics were not affected by the increasing inclusion levels of both protein sources. The higher ATTD of dry matter, most nutrients and energy of diets with the inclusion of both by-products when compared to the basal diet, suggests their potential to be included in highly digestible diets for dogs. Although not affected by the inclusion level of protein sources, when compared to the basal diet, the inclusion of squid meal decreased butyrate concentration and shrimp hydrolysate increased all volatile fatty acids, except butyrate. Fecal microbiota was not affected by squid meal inclusion, whereas inclusion levels of shrimp hydrolysate significantly affected abundances of Oscillosperaceae (UCG-005), Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. Overall, results suggest that squid meal and shrimp hydrolysate constitute novel and promising protein sources for dog food, but further research is needed to fully evaluate their functional value.

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Evaluation of corn-fermented protein as a dietary ingredient in extruded dog and cat diets

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Comparing the effects of corn fermented protein with traditional distillers dried grains fed to healthy adult dogs on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and palatability

Comparing the effects of corn fermented protein with traditional distillers dried grains fed to healthy adult dogs on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and palatability

Insights to Study, Understand and Manage Extruded Dry Pet Food Palatability

Squid meal and shrimp hydrolysate as novel protein sources for dog food

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