Comparing the effects of corn fermented protein with traditional distillers dried grains fed to healthy adult dogs on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and palatability

Abstract

Traditional distillers dried grains, co-products from the ethanol industry, can be utilized as sustainable ingredients for pet food. However, negative consumer perception prevents their widespread use. Corn fermented protein (CFP) is produced using post-fermentation separation technology, resulting in a high protein ingredient, which may increase consumer appeal compared to traditional distillers dried grains. The study objective was to compare the effect of CFP with that of traditional distillers dried grains on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and palatability when fed to dogs. The control diet (CON) contained 15% soybean meal and the experimental diets contained 3.5% brewer’s dried yeast (BDY), 2.5% brewer’s dried yeast plus 17.5% distillers dried grains with solubles (BDY+DDGS), or 17.5% corn fermented protein (CFP). Experimental diets were fed to adult dogs (n = 12) in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design. Dogs were adapted to the diets for 9 days; this was followed by 5 days of total fecal collection. Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to all diets as an external marker to estimate digestibility. Data were analyzed using a mixed model in SAS, with treatment as a fixed effect and dog and period as random effects. Fecal output was greatest (p< 0.05) for dogs fed BDY+DDGS. The feces of dogs consuming CFP were firmer (p< 0.05) than those of dogs consuming CON and BDY+DDGS. Overall, nutrient digestibility was greatest (p< 0.05) for CON and BDY and lowest for BDY+DDGS, with that for CFP being intermediate. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in total short-chain or branched-chain fatty acid concentrations in the fresh fecal samples of dogs fed these dietary treatments. However, the percentage of propionate was higher (p< 0.05) in the fecal samples of dogs fed CON than in those of dogs fed BDY+DDGS, whereas the percentage of valerate was higher (p< 0.05) in the fecal samples of dogs fed CON than in those of dogs fed CFP. In the palatability evaluation, dogs had no preference when CON was compared with BDY or BDY+DDGS. However, dogs appeared to prefer CON over CFP. Overall, CFP resulted in improved stool quality and nutrient digestibility when compared with DDGS, which could increase consumer appeal for inclusion into pet food. The impact of CFP on palatability, however, warrants further investigation.

Comparison of the Effect of Corn-fermented Protein and Traditional Ingredients on the Fecal Microbiota of Dogs

“…An increase in dietary fiber has also been reported to increase the production of SCFAs [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. However, no significant differences were observed in total SCFA concentrations in the fecal samples of dogs fed the dietary treatments [ 19 ]. In contrast, the concentration of propionate was significantly lower in fecal samples of dogs fed T3 compared to dogs fed T1 [ 19 ], aligning with the numerical decrease in Firmicutes with T3.…”

“…Samples for microbial analysis were collected during a digestibility study, which has been previously published [ 19 ].…”

“…A few studies have evaluated the effects of DDGS on diet digestibility and stool quality in dogs [ 13 , 18 , 19 ]. Overall, the inclusion of DDGS in canine diets resulted in decreased nutrient digestibility and increased fecal output, likely due to the elevated dietary fiber content.…”

“…Previous studies have evaluated the effects of corn-fermented protein (CFP), another enhanced DDG, on diet digestibility and stool quality in dogs [ 19 , 21 , 22 ]. Similar to traditional DDGS, increased inclusion levels of CFP in canine diets resulted in decreased nutrient digestibility and increased fecal output.…”

“…Corn-fermented protein is produced using post-fermentation technology in which the protein and yeast are separated from the fiber prior to drying. This results in a higher protein, lower fiber ingredient compared to traditional DDGS at 53% crude protein and 35% total dietary fiber [ 19 ]. In addition, CFP has a substantial yeast component at approximately 20 to 25% (POET Bioproducts, Sioux Falls, SD, USA).…”