Evaluation of Control of Fire Blight Infection of Apple Blossoms and Shoots With Sar Inducers, Biological Agents, a Growth Regulator, Copper Compounds, and Other Materials

Aldwinckle, H. S.; Reddy, M.V. Bhaskara; Norelli, J.L.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2002.590.48

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Biopro Ò was recently shown to have promise for reducing blossom blight caused by E. amylovora in several field trials on several apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Gloster, Idared and James Grieve) in Germany between 1998 and 2000 under both natural and artificial pathogen inoculation conditions, but the level of control achieved was found to be erratic providing anywhere between 43% and 71% disease reduction (Laux et al, 2003). Similar erratic results were found for the control of blossom blight on Idared apple trees by Serenade Ò in field trials in 2000 and 2001 in the USA, providing 64% control in the first year and 0% in the second (Aldwinckle et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Detection of the fire blight biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis BD170 (Biopro�) in a Swiss apple orchard

et al. 2005

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Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a major disease threat to apple, pear and other pome fruit worldwide. The disease is widespread in Europe and has recently become established in Switzerland. Antibiotics are the most effective controls used in North America but these are not permitted for agricultural use in most European countries. A newly registered biological control product Biopro Ò , based on the antagonist Bacillus subtilis strain BD170, is being used as an alternative strategy for fire blight management. A specific molecular marker was developed for monitoring the spread of this agent on blossoms after Biopro Ò spray application in a Swiss apple orchard throughout the bloom period for 2 years. Direct spraying resulted in efficient primary colonisation of pistils in flowers that were open at the time of treatment. Subsequent bacterial dissemination (secondary colonisation) of flowers that were closed or at bud stage at the time of treatment was observed but was found to be dependent on the timing of treatments relative to bloom stage in the orchard. Foraging honeybees were shown to be disseminators of Biopro Ò . We also report detection of the biocontrol agent in honey collected from hives where bees were exposed by placing Biopro Ò at the entrance or in the hatching nest and from hives that were simply placed in sprayed orchards.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Detection of the fire blight biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis BD170 (Biopro�) in a Swiss apple orchard

et al. 2005

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“…Disease management has been focused on chemical bactericides, but alternative methods like biological control are increasingly used. Strains belonging to the bacterial species Pseudomonas fluorescens (48), Pantoea agglomerans (14), and Bacillus subtilis (1) have been the object of studies of the biocontrol of fire blight. Strains P. fluorescens A506, P. agglomerans E325 and B. subtilis QST713 are under commercialization or evaluation in the United States, and others will be registered in Europe.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Environmental Fate of the Biological Control Agent of Fire Blight, Pseudomonas fluorescens EPS62e, on Apple by Culture and Real-Time PCR Methods

Pujol

Badosa

Manceau³

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The colonization of apple blossoms and leaves by Pseudomonas fluorescens EPS62e was monitored in greenhouse and field trials using cultivable cell counting and real-time PCR. The real-time PCR provided a specific quantitative method for the detection of strain EPS62e. The detection level was around 10 2 cells g (fresh weight)؊1 and the standard curve was linear within a 5-log range. EPS62e actively colonized flowers reaching values from 10 7 to 10 8 cells per blossom. In apple flowers, no significant differences were observed between population levels obtained by real-time PCR and plating, suggesting that viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells and residual nondegraded DNA were not present. In contrast, on apple leaves, where cultivable populations of EPS62e decreased with time, significant differences were observed between real-time PCR and plating. These differences indicate the presence of VBNC cells or nondegraded DNA after cell death. Therefore, the EPS62e population was under optimal conditions during the colonization of flowers but it was stressed and poorly survived on leaves. It was concluded that for monitoring this biological control agent, the combined use of cultivable cell count and real-time PCR is necessary.

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“…Because of the lack of publicly acceptable, effective and non phytotoxic preparations to control fire blight, there has been much interest in recent times in novel control strategies which trigger defense mechanisms in the host plants. Such effects can be achieved by benzothiadiazole, harpin protein, prohexadione-Ca (Kessman et al 1994;Sticher et al 1997;Jensen et al 1998;Momol et al 1999b;Rademacher 2000;Steiner 2000;Aldwinckle et al 2002;Maxson & Jones 2002;McManus et al 2002;Norelli et al 2003). Danovan (1991) and Beyers & Yoder (1997) reported that the first factor determining the susceptibility of the host plant against shoot infections of fire blight was rapid shoot growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of application time for chemical control of fire blight disease in pear varieties

MADEN¹

2010

Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi

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Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease of pear, apple, and other plants of the Rosaceae family. In this study, from the point of view of continuousness of protection of fire blight disease and shoot growth in growing season, application times and effectiveness of host resistance inducers, harpin protein, benzothiadiazole, prohexadione-Ca as alternatives to conventional products, streptomycin, copper and maneb+copper were evaluated on susceptible pear varieties in greenhouse and field conditions. Type 1 and Type 2 applications for prevention of the disease and Type 3 and Type 4 applications for evaluation of shoot growth were performed. Type 2 application of harpin protein gave remarkable effectiveness on prevention of the disease about 49% and 65% in greenhouse and field, respectively. After Type 1 and 2 applications by prohexadione-Ca and benzothiadiazole, disease severity significantly decreased comparing to applications of copper and maneb+copper and, controls. Only prohexadione-Ca applications significantly reduced shoot lengths and plants were highly affected by the application Type 4 of this chemical. According to findings, applications of Type 2 provided better results than Type 1 on all of pear varieties in greenhouse and field conditions and use of resistance inducing substances during the production season is proposed in managing of shoot blight phase of fire blight disease. 151uygulaması hastalığın önlenmesinde sırasıyla sera ve arazide %49 ve %65 oranlarında dikkate değer etkililik vermiştir. Prohexadione-Ca ve benzothiadiazole ile Tip 1 ve Tip 2 uygulamalarından sonra, hastalık şiddeti bakır, maneb+bakır uygulamalarına ve kontrollere kıyasla önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Sürgün uzunluklarını sadece prohexadione-Ca uygulamaları önemli olarak azaltmış ve bitkiler, bu kimyasalın Tip 4 uygulamasından büyük ölçüde etkilenmişlerdir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, tüm armut çeşitlerinde, sera ve arazi koşullarında Tip 2 uygulamaları, Tip 1'den daha iyi sonuçlar sağlamıştır ve ateş yanıklığı hastalığının sürgün yanıklığı evresi kontrolünde, dayanıklılığı teşvik eden kimyasalların kullanımı önerilmektedir.

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Evaluation of Control of Fire Blight Infection of Apple Blossoms and Shoots With Sar Inducers, Biological Agents, a Growth Regulator, Copper Compounds, and Other Materials

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of the fire blight biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis BD170 (Biopro�) in a Swiss apple orchard

Detection of the fire blight biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis BD170 (Biopro�) in a Swiss apple orchard

Assessment of the Environmental Fate of the Biological Control Agent of Fire Blight, Pseudomonas fluorescens EPS62e, on Apple by Culture and Real-Time PCR Methods

Determination of application time for chemical control of fire blight disease in pear varieties

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