EVALUATION OF CONSUMER NOTIFICATION UNDER THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT<sup>1</sup>

Wardlaw, Linda; Bruvold, William H.

doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05399.x

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…First, correlations between drinking water satisfaction and attitudinal and socioeconomic variables did vary somewhat from location to location, so that those calling for localized and specific information and public involvement [e.g., Shovlin and Tanaka, 1990; Wardlaw and Bruvold, 1989] can do so with some justification. Second, examination of the simple correlations showed that where they were significant they tended to be in the directions hypothesized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychology of drinking water quality: An exploratory study

Syme¹,

Williams²

1993

Water Resources Research

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Perceptions of drinking water quality were measured for residents at four locations in Western Australia. The total dissolved solid levels for the locations varied. Four scales of drinking water satisfaction were measured: acceptability of water quality; water quality risk judgment; perception of neighborhood water quality; and attitudes toward fluoride as an additive. Responses to each of these scales did not appear to be highly related to total dissolved solids. The relationship between attitudes toward water quality and a variety of psychological, attitudinal, experiential, and demographic variables was investigated. It was found that responses to the acceptability of water quality and water quality risk judgment scales related to perceived credibility of societal institutions and feelings of control over water quality and environmental problems. For the remaining two scales few significant correlations were found. The results support those who advocate localized information and involvement campaigns on drinking water quality issues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychology of drinking water quality: An exploratory study

Syme¹,

Williams²

1993

Water Resources Research

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“…The value of public notification programs lies in their effectiveness in promoting behavioral changes among public water consumers 10 . USEPA is currently seeking ways to make public notification more effective in educating and informing consumers about local water supply issues.…”

Section: Public Notification Takes Different Forms Varies In Effectimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study of the 1993 Cryptosporidium incident in Milwaukee, Wis., 84 percent of survey respondents used alternative measures after they were notified of the problem 23 . However, a California study of 900 consumers found that 80 percent of respondents did not take any action in response to public notification 24 . These latter results were attributed to the fact that notifications often do not recommend any preventive measures, or if they do, the preventive measures are not acceptable to the consumer 24 .…”

Section: Public Notification Takes Different Forms Varies In Effectimentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer response to public notification

Harding¹,

Anadu²

2000

Journal AWWA

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A recent study offers utilities information that may help increase the effectiveness of their public notification programs. Residents of four Oregon communities were surveyed about their responses to public notification. In the two towns that had issued public notification in response to a water problem, most residents were aware of the notices and responded by boiling their water, drinking bottled water, or both. Residents in the town with a short‐term water problem were more likely than residents in the town with a long‐term problem to boil water. Most respondents in both towns favored drinking bottled water over boiling water, despite a boil‐water notice. The survey found that residents of these towns as well as those in two control communities considered the newspaper the primary source of information about their drinking water. The sources of information regarded as most reliable, however, were mail from the city water utility, followed by the county health department and newspapers. Most respondents reported they were willing to pay for drinking water improvements, particularly to correct chemical and microbiological contamination.

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“…( 30 ) In a study of the 1993 Milwaukee Cryptosporidium incident, 84% of survey respondents took preventative actions once they were notified of the problem. ( 31 ) In a California incident, only 20% of the population complied with a notification, ( 32 ) and a study of the behavior of consumers in four towns in Oregon found that 76% of the population boiled water or bought bottled water in response to public alerts. ( 33 )…”

Section: Example Application: a Virtual Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent‐Based Modeling to Simulate Contamination Events and Evaluate Threat Management Strategies in Water Distribution Systems

Zechman

2011

Risk Analysis

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In the event of contamination of a water distribution system, decisions must be made to mitigate the impact of the contamination and to protect public health. Making threat management decisions while a contaminant spreads through the network is a dynamic and interactive process. Response actions taken by the utility managers and water consumption choices made by the consumers will affect the hydraulics, and thus the spread of the contaminant plume, in the network. A modeling framework that allows the simulation of a contamination event under the effects of actions taken by utility managers and consumers will be a useful tool for the analysis of alternative threat mitigation and management strategies. This article presents a multiagent modeling framework that combines agent-based, mechanistic, and dynamic methods. Agents select actions based on a set of rules that represent an individual's autonomy, goal-based desires, and reaction to the environment and the actions of other agents. Consumer behaviors including ingestion, mobility, reduction of water demands, and word-of-mouth communication are simulated. Management strategies are evaluated, including opening hydrants to flush the contaminant and broadcasts. As actions taken by consumer agents and utility operators affect demands and flows in the system, the mechanistic model is updated. Management strategies are evaluated based on the exposure of the population to the contaminant. The framework is designed to consider the typical issues involved in water distribution threat management and provides valuable analysis of threat containment strategies for water distribution system contamination events.

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EVALUATION OF CONSUMER NOTIFICATION UNDER THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT¹

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

The psychology of drinking water quality: An exploratory study

The psychology of drinking water quality: An exploratory study

Consumer response to public notification

Agent‐Based Modeling to Simulate Contamination Events and Evaluate Threat Management Strategies in Water Distribution Systems

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EVALUATION OF CONSUMER NOTIFICATION UNDER THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT1

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

The psychology of drinking water quality: An exploratory study

The psychology of drinking water quality: An exploratory study

Consumer response to public notification

Agent‐Based Modeling to Simulate Contamination Events and Evaluate Threat Management Strategies in Water Distribution Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

EVALUATION OF CONSUMER NOTIFICATION UNDER THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT¹