Evaluation of Compost and Biochar to Mitigate Chlorpyrifos Pollution in Soil and Their Effect on Soil Enzyme Dynamics

Abstract

The widespread environmental contamination of chlorpyrifos (CP) has raised human health concerns and necessitated cost-effective methods for its remediation. The current study evaluated the degradation behavior of CP in compost and biochar amended and unamended (original and sterilized) soils in an incubation trial. Two levels of CP (100 and 200 mg kg−1), compost and biochar (0.50%) were applied, and soil was collected at different time intervals. At the higher CP level (200 mg kg−1), CP a showed lower degradation rate (ƙ = 0.0102 mg kg−1 d−1) compared with a low CP level (ƙ = 0.0173 mg kg−1 d−1). The half-lives of CP were 40 and 68 days for CP at 100 and 200 mg kg−1 in original soil, respectively, and increased to 94 and 141 days in sterilized soils. CP degradation was accelerated in compost amended soils, while suppressed in biochar amended soils. Lower half lives of 20 and 37 days were observed with compost application at CP 100 and 200 mg kg−1 doses, respectively. The activities of soil enzymes were considerably affected by the CP contamination and significantly recovered in compost and biochar amended soils. In conclusion, the application of organic amendments especially compost is an important strategy for the remediation of CP contaminated soil.

Biochar Blended with Nitrogen Fertilizer Promotes Maize Yield by Altering Soil Enzyme Activities and Organic Carbon Content in Black Soil

“…Song [ 6 ] suggested that the key factors leading to increased soil enzyme activity are improvements in the physical structure of the soil and the nutrients and other compounds contained in the biochar. Subsequently, Aziz et al [ 13 ] proposed that fertilizers provide a large amount of unstable carbon to the soil, which microorganisms can use as a substrate food source, thereby increasing dehydrogenase activity and degradation capacity. The adsorption of biochar facilitates enzymatic reactions, as confirmed by Amoakwah et al in a field trial of biochar-amended sandy loam soils, where the application of biochar (30 t·ha −1 ) significantly increased soil urease activity by 1.5 times and dehydrogenase activity by 3.2 times.…”

Synthesis of Functionalized Carboxylated Graphene Oxide for the Remediation of Pb and Cr Contaminated Water

“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed on PANalytical diffractometer, using Cu Ka radiation, under a voltage of 40 kV and a current of 200 mA. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas of both GO and GO-COOH was analyzed using ASAP 2460 instrument with 77 k via nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherm using a method [ 38 ]. The morphologies were characterized by HITACHI S-3500N scanning electron microscope.…”

Biological treatment with co-inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride as effective method for degradation of chlorpyrifos in soil

“…Decline in the phosphatase activity could be due to inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos or its metabolites directly on phosphatase enzyme (Das and Mukherjee 1999). According to Aziz et al (2021), amended and unamended chlorpyrifos contaminated treatments showed decreased phosphatase activity up to 15th day and thereafter it stabilized and slowly increased at the end of incubation. Signi cant recovery of enzymatic activities might be due to removal of chlorpyrifos through degradation (Valle et al 2006).…”