Evaluation of Colilert and Enterolert Defined Substrate Methodology for Wastewater Applications

Yakub, Gary P.; Castric, David A.; Stadterman-Knauer, Kathleen L.; Tobin, Michael; Blazina, Mary; Heineman, Tracey N.; Yee, Gim Y.; Frazier, Lanie

doi:10.2175/106143002x139839

Cited by 72 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…coli/enterococci. E. coli and enterococci were enumerated using the Colilert and Enterolert systems (Idexx Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME), respectively, according to the manufacturer's instructions, except for the use of an elevated incubation temperature (44.5°C) (33). Briefly, one ampoule of reagent (Colilert/ Enterolert) was dissolved in 99 ml of sterile distilled water, 1 ml as a diluted sample was added, and the suspension was mixed well, poured into a QuantiTray, and sealed using a Quanti-Tray sealer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Escherichia coli , Enterococci, and Campylobacter spp. in Sheep Feces on Pastures

Moriarty

Mackenzie

Karki

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The survival of enteric bacteria in 10 freshly collected sheep fecal samples on pastures was measured in each of four seasons. Ten freshly collected feces were placed on pasture, and concentrations of Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Campylobacter spp. were monitored until exhaustion of the fecal samples. In all four seasons, there was an increase in enterococcal concentrations by up to 3 orders of magnitude, with peak concentrations recorded between 11 and 28 days after deposition. E. coli concentrations increased in three out of four seasons by up to 1.5 orders of magnitude, with peak concentrations recorded between 8 and 14 days after deposition. The apparent growth of E. coli and enterococci was strongly influenced by the initial water content of the feces and the moisture gained during periods of rehydration following rainfalls. Conversely, the results suggested that dehydration promoted inactivation. Campylobacter spp. did not grow and were rapidly inactivated at a rate that tended to be faster at higher temperatures. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of a selection of Campylobacter spp. suggested that these survival data are applicable to a range of Campylobacter spp., including the most frequently isolated PFGE genotype from sheep in New Zealand, and to genotypes previously observed to cause disease in humans. The results of this study are currently being incorporated into a fecal microbe reservoir model that is designed to assist water managers' abilities to estimate microbial loads on pastures grazed by sheep, including the influence of factors such as rainfall and temperature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Escherichia coli , Enterococci, and Campylobacter spp. in Sheep Feces on Pastures

Moriarty

Mackenzie

Karki

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Colilert quantitrays for fecal coliform/E. coli analysis were incubated at 378C for 2 h followed by incubation at 44.58C for 19^3 h to select for fecal (thermotolerant) coliforms (Yakub et al 2002). The…”

Section: Microbiological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the presence and partitioning behavior of indicator organisms and Salmonella spp. in an urban watershed

Krometis

Characklis

Drummey

et al. 2009

Journal of Water and Health

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The appropriateness of indicator organisms as surrogates for human pathogens in water quality modeling is dependent on similarities in both presence and transport behavior; however, very little data relating indicator and bacterial pathogen transport behavior in receiving waters is available. In this study observations of presence, partitioning behavior (i.e. association with settleable particles) and removal by upland detention basins were used to assess the suitability of six indicator organisms as surrogates for Salmonella spp. bacteria in an urban watershed.The fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms, E. coli and enterococci) were most closely correlated with Salmonella in terms of presence and partitioning behavior (25-35% associated with settleable particles on average); however, further resolution of the variability associated with Salmonella partitioning is required. Higher removal of particle-associated microbes relative to the total microbial concentration by the detention ponds suggests that sedimentation may be an important removal mechanism. However, large fluctuations in pond performance between storm events and occasional net microbial exports in effluents indicate that these best management practices (BMPs), as currently implemented, will be unlikely to achieve water quality objectives.

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“…Similar results were obtained by other authors studying natural and drinking waters (Fricker et al 1997;Eckner 1998;Schets et al 2002;Ribas et al 2005), or wastewater samples ( as false-positive coliforms (Davies et al 1995;Landre et al 1998). In addition, b-galactosidase has been found to be present in non-coliform strains, which makes the level of enzymatic activity a result of the proportion of target and non-target bacteria in rapid enzymatic assays without a cultivation step (Tryland & Fiksdal 1998 (Fricker et al 1997;Eckner 1998;Yakub et al 2002;Buckalew et al 2006). However, since the Colilert w system requires short incubation periods and is easy to apply, it can be useful for enumerating coliforms from natural waters and wastewaters (Grasso et al 2000;Kramer & Liu 2002;Eccles et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, a complete analysis can require an additional 24-72 h to obtain a final result, which constitutes the major limitation of these methods (Geissler et al 2000;Toranzos et al 2007). In addition, although these methods show a good recovery for coliforms and enterococci from natural and treated waters, the false-positive and false-negative percentages found in recreational waters may be higher than 10% (Budnick et al 1996;Yakub et al 2002). To overcome these shortcomings, two semi-automated most probable number methods, Colilert w and Enterolert w , have been developed for the enumeration of coliforms and enterococci, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the defined substrate-based methods adequate to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters?

Valente

Pedro

Alonso

et al. 2009

Journal of Water and Health

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Monitoring the microbiological quality of water used for recreational activities is very important to human public health. Although the sanitary quality of recreational marine waters could be evaluated by standard methods, they are time-consuming and need confirmation. For these reasons, faster and more sensitive methods, such as the defined substrate-based technology, have been developed. In the present work, we have compared the standard method of membrane filtration using Tergitol-TTC agar for total coliforms and Escherichia coli, and Slanetz and Bartley agar for enterococci, and the IDEXX defined substrate technology for these faecal pollution indicators to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters.

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Evaluation of Colilert and Enterolert Defined Substrate Methodology for Wastewater Applications

Cited by 72 publications

References 16 publications

Survival of Escherichia coli , Enterococci, and Campylobacter spp. in Sheep Feces on Pastures

Survival of Escherichia coli , Enterococci, and Campylobacter spp. in Sheep Feces on Pastures

Comparison of the presence and partitioning behavior of indicator organisms and Salmonella spp. in an urban watershed

Are the defined substrate-based methods adequate to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters?

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