Are the defined substrate-based methods adequate to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters?

Valente, Marta; Pedro, Paulo; Alonso, M. Carmen; Borrego, Juan J.; Dionísio, Lídia

doi:10.2166/wh.2009.220

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Differences in growth rates among Enterococcus species could also account for differing results between methods. Delayed growth rates and positive fluorescence reactions (after 24 hours) of certain enterococcal strains in Quanti-Trays raised concerns that Enterolert may underestimate enterococci densities [9, 18]. Species selection bias could have been introduced during the BHI broth (with 6.5% NaCl) subculture step that we used to facilitate isolation of enterococci from Enterolert.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison ofEnterococcusSpecies Diversity in Marine Water and Wastewater Using Enterolert and EPA Method 1600

Ferguson

Griffith

McGee

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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EPA Method 1600 and Enterolert are used interchangeably to measure Enterococcus for fecal contamination of public beaches, but the methods occasionally produce different results. Here we assess whether these differences are attributable to the selectivity for certain species within the Enterococcus group. Both methods were used to obtain 1279 isolates from 17 environmental samples, including influent and effluent of four wastewater treatment plants, ambient marine water from seven different beaches, and freshwater urban runoff from two stream systems. The isolates were identified to species level. Detection of non-Enterococcus species was slightly higher using Enterolert (8.4%) than for EPA Method 1600 (5.1%). E. faecalis and E. faecium, commonly associated with human fecal waste, were predominant in wastewater; however, Enterolert had greater selectivity for E. faecalis, which was also shown using a laboratory-created sample. The same species selectivity was not observed for most beach water and urban runoff samples. These samples had relatively higher proportions of plant associated species, E. casseliflavus (18.5%) and E. mundtii (5.7%), compared to wastewater, suggesting environmental inputs to beaches and runoff. The potential for species selectivity among water testing methods should be considered when assessing the sanitary quality of beaches so that public health warnings are based on indicators representative of fecal sources.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have found that these two methods generally produce comparable results [2–5]. However, several authors have found that the results may be markedly different [6–9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison ofEnterococcusSpecies Diversity in Marine Water and Wastewater Using Enterolert and EPA Method 1600

Ferguson

Griffith

McGee

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…The most relevant conclusion of this study is that E. coli counts are statistically significant in explaining the variations of P. aeruginosa. Intestinal enterococci and E. coli have been the only mandatory parameters for the assessment of the water quality at bathing sites [34], and because of this, it was expected that the numbers of these coliforms would correlate (being statistically significant) with the presence of the pathogen. Accordingly, our results revealed that E. coli numbers correlate with P. aeruginosa presence, despite the nonenteric nature of this pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal Indicator Bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Marine Coastal Waters: Is there a Relationship?

et al. 2019

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To estimate the quality of coastal waters, European Union Directive 2006/7/EC provides guidelines to assess levels of faecal bacteria, including Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci. These microbiological criteria are based on studies that determine the risk of bathers having diseases caused by enteric bacteria, not necessarily measuring the potential danger associated with the presence of nonenteric pathogens. The association between the presence of faecal contaminant indicators and nonenteric pathogenic microorganisms has not been well defined yet. The purpose of this study is to establish a relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and microbiological indicators of faecal contamination. Presence of microbiological contamination in the coastal waters near the sewage treatment plant (STP) of Peniche (Portugal) was confirmed (P. aeruginosa 135.8 Colony Forming Unit/100 mL, Escherichia coli 1100.1 Most Probable Number/100 mL, intestinal enterococci 2685.9 MPN/100 mL) with much lower levels in the areas located south of the STP, along the main water coastal current (beach 1: 0.7 CFU/100 mL, 16.5 MPN/100 mL, 100.5 MPN/100 mL; beach 2: 0.3 CFU/100 mL, 74.0 MPN/100 mL, 145.9 MPN/100 mL, respectively). Analysis of Pearson's correlation revealed a strong positive correlation between E. coli and P. aeruginosa, suggesting E. coli as an indicator of P. aeruginosa presence.Pathogens 2020, 9, 13 2 of 10 throat diseases [11]. These indicators were based on conclusions from epidemiological studies that implicate the enteric bacteria E. coli and enterococci in cases of gastroenteritis associated with swimming. However, the majority of recently reported cases of infectious diseases linked with coastal bathing waters are of nonenteric origin [12], creating a requirement for nonenteric indicator organisms that must be additionally evaluated. Opportunistic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa [13], might better serve to indicate the occurrence of some of the nonfaecal pathogens [12], especially in bathing waters [14]. Taking into account the results found in a study from Mariño and coworkers, where a positive correlation was found between skin infections and the presence of P. aeruginosa in seawater [14], this opportunistic bacteria [13] might better serve to indicate the occurrence of some nonfaecal pathogens in bathing waters [12].Being rod-shaped, gram-negative, facultative aerobic bacterium, P. aeruginosa has minimal survival requirements [15,16] and a remarkable adaptation ability towards a variety of environmental conditions, being able to thrive in soil, water, animal hosts, hospital settings, soap, and even distilled water [17][18][19][20]. P. aeruginosa, as the origin of an extensive variety of infections, is a main cause of illness in immunocompromised individuals [21]. Some examples are endocarditis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections, and meningitis, and it is also a leading cause of septicaemia [19]. P. aeruginosa is the pathogen mostly implicated in folliculitis and ear infec...

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“…This makes the, it is a method suitable especially for quick quality screening of individual water sources. Valente et al (2010) established in their study that the Colilert ® /Quanti-Tray 2000 ® method can show a higher value of coliform bacteria in comparison to lactose TTC agar. This was not confirmed by our study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could the miraculous springs in the Pardubice region be used as drinking water sources?

Pejchalová¹,

Hanzalová²,

Metelka³

et al. 2011

Czech J. Food Sci.

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Pejchalová M., Hanzalová P., Metelka R., Vytřasová J. (2011): Could the miraculous springs in the Pardubice Region be used as drinking water sources? Czech J. Food Sci., 29 (Special Issue): S109-S114.Selected springs in the Pardubice Region were repeatedly examined for analytical and microbiological indicators. Microbiological analyses included the determination of intestinal enterococci, coliform bacteria, e. coli, and the number of colonies cultivated at temperature form 22°C to 36°C. The analyses were carried out according to the relevant CSN ISO norms using the membrane filtration technique and also the alternative cultivation method Colilert ® /Quanti-Tray 2000 ® quantification method using the defined substrate technology. Out of 11 wells and springs examined, only two satisfied the requirements for potable water with all indicators observed.

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Are the defined substrate-based methods adequate to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters?

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Comparison ofEnterococcusSpecies Diversity in Marine Water and Wastewater Using Enterolert and EPA Method 1600

Comparison ofEnterococcusSpecies Diversity in Marine Water and Wastewater Using Enterolert and EPA Method 1600

Faecal Indicator Bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Marine Coastal Waters: Is there a Relationship?

Could the miraculous springs in the Pardubice region be used as drinking water sources?

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