Evaluation of cold-hardy grape cultivars for North Dakota and the North Dakota State University germplasm enhancement project

Hatterman‐Valenti, Harlene; Auwarter, C.; Stenger, John

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2016.1115.3

Cited by 18 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…For most grape cultivars, emerging shoots in spring and mature leaves in fall are not killed until temperatures drop below 28°F (Jones, 2015;Minnesota Grape Growers Association, 2016), a factor that can increase the safe period for growth and survival of grapes in some cold regions, but both the timing and severity of cold temperatures are important factors that affect the vulnerability of cultivars in a local climate (Dami et al, 2005). Survival and performance of some of the cultivars that we evaluated have been assessed in other regions (Bradshaw et al, 2018;Hatterman-Valenti et al, 2016), but ours is the first report characterizing their performance in Iowa (or areas of similar climate), and our trial contains cultivars not included in evaluations at other sites.…”

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Phenology and Winter Hardiness of Cold-climate Grape Cultivars and Advanced Selections in Iowa Climate

Schrader

Cochran

Domoto

et al. 2019

hortte

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The popularity of grape (Vitis sp.) and wine production in the upper midwest region of the United States is increasing steadily. The development of several coldclimate, interspecific-hybrid grape cultivars (northern hybrids) since the 1980s has improved the probability of success for both new and established vineyards in this area of the country, but long-term data describing the performance of these cultivars in midwestern U.S. climates are needed to both aid growers in their choice of cultivars and to provide them with information about factors important in their management. We characterized the long-term winterhardiness and annual phenology of 12 cold-climate northern hybrid grape cultivars (two established cultivars, five newer cultivars, and five advanced selections) grown in a randomized and replicated field plot in central Iowa, an area that offers a warm growing season and very cold dormant season for grape culture. The established cultivars included in the study were Frontenac and St. Croix. The newer cultivars evaluated were Arandell, Corot noir, La Crescent, Marquette, and Petit Ami, and the advanced selections were MN 1189, MN 1200, MN 1220, MN 1235, and MN 1258. The grape trial was established in 2008, and vines were evaluated from 2011 through 2017 for annual timing of budbreak, bloom, veraison, and harvest, as well as winter survival of vines and primary buds. As a group, the northern hybrids in our trial showed good winterhardiness of vines but variable hardiness of primary buds across the six winters, which ranged from warmer than average to much colder than average. In Iowa climate, buds of northern hybrids were generally most vulnerable to cold temperature damage from late-winter (March) low-temperature events or from extreme midwinter low-temperature events. The bud hardiness of individual cultivars ranged from very hardy (Frontenac, Marquette, and MN 1235) to poor hardiness (Arandell, Corot noir, Petit Ami, and MN 1189), with all 12 cultivars showing good bud survival during Iowa winters that were warmer than average, but the less-hardy cultivars showing poor bud survival during winters that were colder than average. Evaluations of phenology revealed that heat accumulation measured in growing degree days with a threshold of 50°F was not a reliable index for predicting the timing of annual developmental stages for the cultivars we tested. Our results indicate that northern hybrids rely on other factors in addition to heat accumulation for guiding annual development, and that factors such as photoperiod likely have a strong influence on phenological timing during seasons with unusual weather patterns. We determined that none of the cultivars were vulnerable to cold temperature damage to fruit before harvest in Iowa's climate, but that three of the cultivars (Arandell, Marquette, and MN 1235) were highly vulnerable to shoot damage from spring freeze events, and four others (Corot noir, La Crescent, MN 1200, and MN 1220) were moderately vulnerable to cold damage to shoots in spring. An itemized s...

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Phenology and Winter Hardiness of Cold-climate Grape Cultivars and Advanced Selections in Iowa Climate

Schrader

Cochran

Domoto

et al. 2019

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“…Croix', 'La Crescent' and 'Brianna'. In North Dakota, also located in the Great Plains region but north of Nebraska and South Dakota, winter temperatures below -35°C are common and growing degree day (GDD) accumulation is as low as 1200 (base 10°C) which limits the production of less coldhardy grapes and presents difficulties in ripening many cultivars in that state (Hatterman-Valenti, et al, 2016).…”

Section: Expansion Of Winegrape Production To Northern Us Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the cold-climate winegrape industry in Vermont, USA

Bradshaw¹,

Hazelrigg²,

Berkett³

2018

Acta Hortic.

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Vermont and other cold regions of the U.S. which experience winter temperatures below-20°C produced virtually no winegrapes before the mid-1990s. Cultivar and planting system adoption have changed rapidly in the past two decades as cultivars with increased cold hardiness and wine quality potential have become available. In the mid-1990s, the first commercial vineyards were established in the State of Vermont, and consisted of French hybrid and 'hardy' vinifera as well as cold-hardy releases from public and private breeding programs. Training systems included mid wire cordon and Geneva double curtain. Private and public breeding programs located primarily in the upper midwestern U.S. released cold-hardy winegrape cultivars in the late 1990s, continuing releases into the 21st century, resulting in increased vineyard establishment. 'Frontenac' and ''La Crescent' were the first of these cultivars to be planted in any quantity in Vermont, followed by 'Marquette'. Training systems adopted for newer cold-hardy cultivars include predominantly high wire cordon, with mid wire cordon and Geneva Double Curtain used to a lesser degree. Continued releases of new cold-hardy cultivars having greater potential for quality wine and trials of advanced selections have facilitated increased vineyard plantings and replanting of older, less desirable cultivars.

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“…Performance of select northern hybrid cultivars in the cold climates of North Dakota, Vermont, and Wisconsin have been reported as part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), NE-1020 project titled Multi-State Evaluation of Winegrape Cultivars and Clones Bradshaw et al, 2018;Hatterman-Valenti et al, 2016). In these studies, achievement of yield and fruit quality goals was inconsistent across years and was limited to a portion of the cultivars evaluated in each trial, results that illustrate the need for continuing research on the selection and evaluation of cold-climate wine grapes.…”

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Yield and Berry Composition of Cold-climate Grape Cultivars and Advanced Selections in Iowa Climate

Schrader

Cochran

Domoto

et al. 2020

hortte

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Increasing interest in grape (Vitis sp.) and wine production in the upper midwest region of the United States has created a need for science-based information that characterizes the potential of cold-climate cultivars to produce quality grapes with acceptable yields. We evaluated the yield and quality (composition) of grapes from 12 cold-climate, interspecific-hybrid grape cultivars (northern hybrids) grown in a randomized and replicated field plot in central Iowa. The grape trial was planted in 2008, and crop performance of cultivars was evaluated from 2012 through 2017 (yield) and 2014 through 2017 (berry composition). The trial included two established cultivars, five newer cultivars, and five advanced selections. The established cultivars included in the study as controls were Frontenac and St. Croix. The newer cultivars evaluated in this study were Arandell, Corot Noir, La Crescent, Marquette, and Petit Ami, and the advanced selections were MN 1189, MN 1200, MN 1220, MN 1235, and MN 1258. Yield and productivity were characterized by measuring yield per vine, number of clusters per vine, average cluster weight, and pruning weight. The fruit composition indices were soluble solids concentration (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), and sugar:acid ratio (SSC ÷ TA). On the basis of their strong results for both yield and fruit composition measures, ‘Marquette’, MN 1235, and MN 1220 ranked as the top-performing cultivars in Iowa’s climate, followed by Petit Ami and St. Croix. ‘Petit Ami’ had slightly lower yield consistency and slightly lower results for SSC than did the top performing cultivars, and St. Croix had among the highest and most consistent yields of the trial but showed lower results for SSC and sugar:acid ratio than many of the other cultivars. ‘La Crescent’ had midrange yields and high SSC, but the high TA of ‘La Crescent’ fruit resulted in a low sugar:acid ratio at harvest. Two cultivars (MN 1258 and MN 1200) had relatively low yields in Iowa’s climate but achieved good results for composition indices. ‘Frontenac’ had high, consistent yields and achieved high SSC, but the very high TA of ‘Frontenac’ fruit resulted in a very low sugar:acid ratio compared with most other cultivars. The remaining three cultivars (Corot Noir, MN 1189, and Arandell) performed poorly in Iowa’s climate, showing both low yield and undesirable fruit composition indices compared with the other cultivars in the trial. An itemized summary of the relative ratings for yield and fruit composition is provided to aid growers in selection and management of grape cultivars for use in Iowa and other areas of similar climate.

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Evaluation of cold-hardy grape cultivars for North Dakota and the North Dakota State University germplasm enhancement project

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Phenology and Winter Hardiness of Cold-climate Grape Cultivars and Advanced Selections in Iowa Climate

Phenology and Winter Hardiness of Cold-climate Grape Cultivars and Advanced Selections in Iowa Climate

Characteristics of the cold-climate winegrape industry in Vermont, USA

Yield and Berry Composition of Cold-climate Grape Cultivars and Advanced Selections in Iowa Climate

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