Abstract:The level of cancer biomarkers in cells, tissues or body fluids can be used for the prediction of the presence of cancer or can even indicate the stage of the disease. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most commonly used biomarker for early screening and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, a combination of three techniques (click chemistry, the biotin–streptavidin–biotin sandwich strategy and the use of antigen–antibody interactions) were combined to implement a sensitive fluorescent immunosensor f… Show more
“…found that click chemistry combining with the biotin‐streptavidin‐biotin sandwich design and the antigen‐antibody interactions could realize a sensitive fluorometric immunosensor for AFP detection ( Figure ). [ 39 ] The anti‐AFP antibody was immobilized onto the surfaces of sandwich using the biotin‐streptavidin‐biotin protein fixation technique. The fluorescent labeled AFP was detected by microchannel cantilever spotting to evaluate the sensing performance based on the optimal microarray.…”
“…Reproduced with permission. [ 39 ] Copyright 2019, Beilstein Institute for the Advancement of Chemical Sciences. ii) Multifunctional ultrasound nanobubbles for HCC visualization.…”
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. However, the clinical diagnosis and treatment modalities are still relatively limited, which urgently require the development of new effective technologies. Recently, nanotechnology has gained extensive attention in HCC surveillance, imaging and pathological diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. Typically, nanomedicines have been focused on early HCC diagnosis and precise treatment of advanced HCC, which has developed and improved a variety of new technologies and agents for future clinical practice. Furthermore, strategies of facilitating drug release and delivery in current treatment processes such as ablation, systematic therapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, molecular targeted therapy, and immune‐modulating therapy have also been studied widely. This review summarizes the recent advances in this area according to current clinical HCC guidelines: 1) Nanoparticle‑based HCC surveillance; 2) Nanotechnology for HCC diagnosis; 3) Therapeutic advances for HCC Management; 4) Limitations of applications in nanotechnology for HCC; 5) Conclusions and perspectives. Although there are still many limitations and difficulties to overcome, the investigations of nanomedicines are believed to show potential applications in clinical practice.
“…found that click chemistry combining with the biotin‐streptavidin‐biotin sandwich design and the antigen‐antibody interactions could realize a sensitive fluorometric immunosensor for AFP detection ( Figure ). [ 39 ] The anti‐AFP antibody was immobilized onto the surfaces of sandwich using the biotin‐streptavidin‐biotin protein fixation technique. The fluorescent labeled AFP was detected by microchannel cantilever spotting to evaluate the sensing performance based on the optimal microarray.…”
“…Reproduced with permission. [ 39 ] Copyright 2019, Beilstein Institute for the Advancement of Chemical Sciences. ii) Multifunctional ultrasound nanobubbles for HCC visualization.…”
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. However, the clinical diagnosis and treatment modalities are still relatively limited, which urgently require the development of new effective technologies. Recently, nanotechnology has gained extensive attention in HCC surveillance, imaging and pathological diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. Typically, nanomedicines have been focused on early HCC diagnosis and precise treatment of advanced HCC, which has developed and improved a variety of new technologies and agents for future clinical practice. Furthermore, strategies of facilitating drug release and delivery in current treatment processes such as ablation, systematic therapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, molecular targeted therapy, and immune‐modulating therapy have also been studied widely. This review summarizes the recent advances in this area according to current clinical HCC guidelines: 1) Nanoparticle‑based HCC surveillance; 2) Nanotechnology for HCC diagnosis; 3) Therapeutic advances for HCC Management; 4) Limitations of applications in nanotechnology for HCC; 5) Conclusions and perspectives. Although there are still many limitations and difficulties to overcome, the investigations of nanomedicines are believed to show potential applications in clinical practice.
“…For this, molecules that have specific affinity with the protein in question (bioreceptors) should be immobilized on a surface (transducer). [29][30][31] In previous works, we prepared microarrays of dyes containing azide or thiol groups on DBCO-terminated glass surfaces [32] and dyes containing maleimide or DBCO groups on thiol-terminated glass surfaces [33] using microchannel cantilevers spotting (μCS). In order to enable even more flexible choice of immobilization chemistry, in this work, three different routes for the surface functionalization of epoxy-terminated glasses will be examined.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For this, molecules that have specific affinity with the protein in question (bioreceptors) should be immobilized on a surface (transducer). [29][30][31] In previous works, we prepared microarrays of dyes containing azide or thiol groups on DBCO-terminated glass surfaces [32] and dyes containing maleimide or DBCO groups on thiol-terminated…”
“…It has to be noticed that surface modification by mean of click chemistry has already been investigated in the literature. Notably, Dadfar et al has notably extensively studied thiol terminated surface modifications by comparing thiol-ene and thiolyne click reactions, [13] deposition of protein microarray via thiol, amine and azide functionalities for biosensor applications, [14] click reaction of alpha fetoprotein for immunosensing [15] and catalyst free click reaction for biomedical and biological applications. [16] The redox functional group selected in this study is ferrocene, which is extensively used for the formation of SAMs but also for its unique redox properties for various applications.…”
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