Evaluation of Chromosomal Aberrations and Micronuclei in Medical Workers Chronically Exposed to Low Dose Ionizing Radiation

Abstract

Medical workers representing the group is the most consistently are exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation, prolonged low-level ionizing radiation can induce chromosomal aberrations (CAs). This study would evaluate the cytogenetic effect using the CAs based on dicentric, and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay on hospital workers. The exposed group dividedto Interventional and Diagnostic groups then compared to non exposed group. The accumulated absorbed doses calculated for the radiation workers were below 5mSv. Blood samples were obtained from 29 samples of medical workers , and 15 samples of control. The Study showed that the frequency of dicentric chromosomes both in exposed and control were not found. In case of micronuclei, the mean frequencies were observed in exposed group that was (19 ±6.22) and (16.25 ± 6.04) respectively and the control group was (10.4±7.79). Frequency MN/1000 cell in the lymphocytes both in the two exposed group was relatively higher compared to control group. However the MN frequencies in all sample group was still in normal range . In this study chronic low radiation dose exposure in the hospital had no significant effect on chromosome aberration nor micronuclei. The benefit of the study is to enrich the potential usefulness of cytogenetic assay providing safety index in medical surveillance programs. The results suggest that education and retraining of staff concerning radiation safety guidelines need to be done to maintain the safety aspects of radiation.

Detection of Micronucleus, Nucleoplasmic Bridges, and Nuclear Buds Frequency in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Cancer Patient Post-Radiation Fractionated

“…One cytogenetic technique that is easy and simple to quantify the damage caused by radiation exposure in cultured human lymphocytes is MN (Fenecht et al, 1990). MN with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a superior, validated, standard technique for assessing radiation exposure in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation and determining radiosensitivity of cancer susceptibility in vitro (Lusiyanti et al, 2016;Lusiyanti et al, 2017). Micronuclei form during the cell's mitotic division and contain whole chromosomal or acentric chromosomal fragments that are not incorporated into the cell nucleus (Özdal et al, 2016).…”

The Cytogenetic Effects on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Cancer Patients After Radiation Therapy: Chromosome Aberrations and Micronuclei

“…In addition, the micronucleus (MN) assay that reflects chromosomal injury is useful as a biomarker for monitoring environmental effects on the genetic material in human cells (Perumal et al, 2015). The two methods have also been used in previous research Yanti Lusiyanti et al / Biosaintifika (1) (2021): 9-15 to evaluate the cytogenetic impact of chronically exposed to low dose ionizing radiation hospital medical workers (Lusiyanti, et al, 2017). The previous study reported that cancer patients indicated different sensitivities and showed increased chromosomal instability compared with healthy individuals (Garaj-vrhovac & Kopjar, 2018).…”