Evaluation of chlorpyrifos toxicity through a 28-day study: Cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress responses, parent compound/metabolite levels, and primary DNA damage in blood and brain tissue of adult male Wistar rats

Kopjar, Nevenka; Žunec, Suzana; Mendaš, Gordana; Micek, Vedran; Kašuba, Vilena; Mikolić, Anja; Lovaković, Blanka Tariba; Milić, Mirta; Pavičić, Ivan; Čermak, Ana Marija Marjanović; Pizent, Alica; Vrdoljak, Ana Lucić; Želježić, Davor

doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.029

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and molecular alterations in the nervous tissue following CPF exposure have also been reported as potential underlying mechanisms [6]. CPF induces excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, resulting in a state of oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the development of numerous neurological deficits such as motor and memory dysfunction [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity metabolism, and its dysregulation causes different pathological conditions. CPF at different doses can inhibit AChE in different experimental models, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine at synaptosomes and thus producing memory and learning impairments [7,25]. It has been demonstrated that CPF is able to inhibit AChE activity by enhancing the phosphorylation of its serine site [26].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This increase has been attributed to the overexpression of iNOS which potentiates the synthesis of NO in the brain tissue [44]. A decrease in GSH content and inhibition of GPx, GR, SOD, and CAT activities have been recorded in different models following CPF intoxication [7,45]. The antioxidant enzymes protect the cell against different free radicals generated, following the exposure to chemicals and environmental toxicants.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Red Beetroot Extract Abrogates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Cortical Damage in Rats

Albasher

Al-Saleh

Alkubaisi

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Organophosphorus insecticides including chlorpyrifos (CPF) are mainly used for agriculture, household, and military purposes; their application is associated with various adverse reactions in animals and humans. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of red beetroot methanolic extract (RBR) against CPF-induced cortical damage. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n=7 in each group): the control group was administered physiological saline (0.9% NaCl), the CPF group was administered CPF (10 mg/kg), the RBR group was administered RBR (300 mg/kg), and the RBR+CPF group was treated with RBR (300 mg/kg) 1 hr before CPF (10 mg/kg) supplementation. All groups were treated for 28 days. Rats exposed to CPF exhibited a significant decrease in cortical acetylcholinesterase activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and a decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein. CPF intoxication increased lipid peroxidation, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and nitric oxide production. This was accompanied by a decrease in glutathione content and in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the cortical tissue. Additionally, CPF enhanced inflammatory response, indicated by increased levels and expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. CPF triggered neuronal apoptosis by upregulating Bax and caspase-3 and downregulating Bcl-2. However, RBR reversed the induced neuronal alterations following CPF intoxication. Our findings suggest that RBR can minimize and prevent CPF neurotoxicity through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Red Beetroot Extract Abrogates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Cortical Damage in Rats

Albasher

Al-Saleh

Alkubaisi

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…confirmed that oral exposure to acetamiprid caused MDA significant increase in erythrocytes. Glutathione (GSH), a form of cysteine storage which plays an essential role in the protection of cells and tissues against chemically induced oxidative stress . In the present work, GSH presented a low level in ACT‐treated group compared to the untreated one ( Figure b ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…The enzymatic antioxidant defense system mainly includes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes. They help to trap free radicals and protect against oxidative stress damage induced by various xenobiotics . The results found indicated that erythrocyte SOD, CAT, and GPx are less active in acetamiprid treated mice compared to the normal ones ( Figure c , d and e ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

HPLC‐DAD Analysis, Antioxidant and Protective Effects of Tunisian Rhanterium suaveolens against Acetamiprid Induced Oxidative Stress on Mice Erythrocytes

Chelly

Salah

et al. 2019

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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The present study was performed to assess the HPLC-DAD analysis as well as antioxidant and protective effects of Tunisian Rhanterium suaveolens (Rs) against acetamiprid (ACT) induced oxidative stress on mice erythrocytes. The in vitro assays showed that the methanolic extract of Rs has an impressive antioxidant effect proved by testing the total antioxidant and scavenging activities using BCB, DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative analysis using HPLC-DAD revealed the richness of Rs in polyphenols where p-Coumaric, Apigenin-7-glucoside and Ferulic acid were detected as the most abundant polyphenols. In the in vivo experiment, ACT, used as a toxicity model, was given to mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The latter was the origin of hemolytic anemia characterized by a significant decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and an increase in bilirubin, LDH, osmotic fragility, reticulocytes and white blood cells number. Characteristic erythrocyte morphological alterations were also determined as spherocytosis, schistocytosis and dacryocystitis. The oxidative status of ACT-treated mice was also altered manifested by a significant increase in MDA and GSH levels and a decrease in SOD, CAT and GPx activities. When receiving the Rs methanolic extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg, all the parameters cited above were restored in mice. These remarkable corrections could only confirm the important antioxidant effect and the noticeable protective properties that possess Rs owing to its broad range of secondary bioactive metabolites.

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Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Organophosphate Compounds, Dialkyl Phosphate Exposure, and Their Relation to Biological Effects

Hernandez-Toledano¹,

Vega²

2022

Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers of Toxicology and Disease

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Evaluation of chlorpyrifos toxicity through a 28-day study: Cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress responses, parent compound/metabolite levels, and primary DNA damage in blood and brain tissue of adult male Wistar rats

Cited by 59 publications

References 73 publications

Red Beetroot Extract Abrogates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Cortical Damage in Rats

Red Beetroot Extract Abrogates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Cortical Damage in Rats

HPLC‐DAD Analysis, Antioxidant and Protective Effects of Tunisian Rhanterium suaveolens against Acetamiprid Induced Oxidative Stress on Mice Erythrocytes

Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Organophosphate Compounds, Dialkyl Phosphate Exposure, and Their Relation to Biological Effects

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