Evaluation of Caspofungin and Amphotericin B Deoxycholate against<i>Candida albicans</i>Biofilms in an Experimental Intravascular Catheter Infection Model

Shuford, Jennifer A.; Rouse, Mark S.; Piper, Kerryl E.; Steckelberg, James M.; Patel, Robin

doi:10.1086/506452

Cited by 96 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…In recent years, the ability of Candida species to form biofilms has been evaluated (16,20,23,29,39,45,49,52). Special attention has been focused on the clinical setting, where Candida biofilms have gained prominence because of the recognition that the frequent use of medical devices has led to a concomitant increase in device-related infections (16,31,48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation and Effect of Caspofungin on Biofilm Structure of Candida Species Bloodstream Isolates

Ferreira

Carr

Starling³

et al. 2009

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Candida biofilms are microbial communities, embedded in a polymeric matrix, growing attached to a surface, and are highly recalcitrant to antimicrobial therapy. These biofilms exhibit enhanced resistance against most antifungal agents except echinocandins and lipid formulations of amphotericin B. In this study, biofilm formation by different Candida species, particularly Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis, was evaluated, and the effect of caspofungin (CAS) was assessed using a clinically relevant in vitro model system. CAS displayed in vitro activity against C. albicans and C. tropicalis cells within biofilms. Biofilm formation was evaluated after 48 h of antifungal drug exposure, and the effects of CAS on preformed Candida species biofilms were visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Several species-specific differences in the cellular morphologies associated with biofilms were observed. Our results confirmed the presence of paradoxical growth (PG) in C. albicans and C. tropicalis biofilms in the presence of high CAS concentrations. These findings were also confirmed by SEM analysis and were associated with the metabolic activity obtained by biofilm susceptibility testing. Importantly, these results suggest that the presence of atypical, enlarged, conical cells could be associated with PG and with tolerant cells in Candida species biofilm populations. The clinical implications of these findings are still unknown.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation and Effect of Caspofungin on Biofilm Structure of Candida Species Bloodstream Isolates

Ferreira

Carr

Starling³

et al. 2009

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…In contrast to previous studies, we did not document in vitro activity of CASPO against Candida biofilms (4). Our study examined MIC in a large number of clinical isolates, and this may be in part explained by differences in CASPO activity between Candida strains and species (4,40). In addition, the length of treatment of biofilms differs significantly between in vitro and in vivo models of antifungal susceptibility in the setting of biofilms because in the in vivo model rabbits are treated for 7 days with antifungal medication (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation by and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Isolates from Urine

Jain

Kohli

Cook

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

123

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Biofilm formation (BF) in the setting of candiduria has not been well studied. We determined BF and MIC to antifungals in Candida spp. isolates grown from urine samples of patients and performed a retrospective chart review to examine the correlation with risk factors. A total of 67 Candida spp. isolates were grown from urine samples from 55 patients. The species distribution was C. albicans (54%), C. glabrata (36%), and C. tropicalis (10%). BF varied greatly among individual Candida isolates but was stable in sequential isolates during chronic infection. BF also depended on the growth medium and especially in C. albicans was significantly enhanced in artificial urine (AU) compared to RPMI medium. In nine of the C. albicans strains BF was 4-to 10-fold higher in AU, whereas in three of the C. albicans strains and two of the C. glabrata strains higher BF was measured in RPMI medium than in AU. Determination of the MICs showed that planktonic cells of all strains were susceptible to amphotericin B (AMB) and caspofungin (CASPO) and that three of the C. glabrata strains and two of the C. albicans strains were resistant to fluconazole (FLU). In contrast, all biofilm-associated adherent cells were resistant to CASPO and FLU. The biofilms of 14 strains (28%) were sensitive to AMB (MIC 50 of <1 g/ml). Correlation between degree of BF and MIC of AMB was not seen in RPMI grown biofilms but was present when grown in AU. A retrospective chart review demonstrated no correlation of known risk factors of candiduria with BF in AU or RPMI. We conclude that BF is a stable characteristic of Candida strains that varies greatly among clinical strains and is dependent on the growth medium. Resistance to AMB is associated with higher BF in AU, which may represent the more physiologic medium to test BF. Future studies should address whether in vitro BF can predict treatment failure in vivo.

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“…However, caspofungin and anidulafungin were shown to have activity on mature C. albicans biofilms in vitro (Katragkou et al, 2008;Pemán et al, 2008) and in vivo (Shuford et al, 2006;Kucharíková et al, 2010a). Caspofungin was also shown to be active against mature C. glabrata biofilms formed in vitro (Choi et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed comparison of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms under different conditions and their susceptibility to caspofungin and anidulafungin

Kucharíková

Tournu

Lagrou

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

107

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Evaluation of Caspofungin and Amphotericin B Deoxycholate againstCandida albicansBiofilms in an Experimental Intravascular Catheter Infection Model

Cited by 96 publications

References 13 publications

Biofilm Formation and Effect of Caspofungin on Biofilm Structure of Candida Species Bloodstream Isolates

Biofilm Formation and Effect of Caspofungin on Biofilm Structure of Candida Species Bloodstream Isolates

Biofilm Formation by and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Isolates from Urine

Detailed comparison of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms under different conditions and their susceptibility to caspofungin and anidulafungin

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