Evaluation of carotid arteries in stroke patients using color Doppler sonography: A prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India

Fernandes, Merwyn; Keerthiraj, B; Mahale, Ajit; Kumar, Ashwini; Dudekula, Anees

doi:10.4103/2229-516x.174007

Cited by 27 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…8 A study by Fernandez et al, reported the most common age to be affected was 60-69 years. 11 Among the patients with atherosclerotic plaque, 63.4% had diabetes and 68.3% had hypertension. Around 35% of them were either smokers, or alcoholics or both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smoking was also seemed to have a positive correlation in his study. 11 A study by Mannami et al, had attributed 22% of stroke patients to smoking. 12 A comparatively low association of hypertension with stroke was observed in a study by Lawes et al 13 In a study by Lindsberg The mean intima media thickness was 1.38mm among the patients with carotid plaque, with maximum being 1.8 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Color doppler assessment of extra cranial carotid arteries in carotid artery disease with correlation of risk factors in predicting cerebro vascular accident in patients with carotid atheromatous disease

Bollipo

Rao

2018

Int J Adv Med

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Background: Stroke is a clinical syndrome, which describes a sudden neurological deficit of presumed vascular origin. The risk factors for stroke are diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol and hypertension. Colour doppler ultrasound is one of the important tool for the evaluation of exracranial insufficiency of the carotid arteries. This study was performed to assess the carotid arteries with the help of color doppler in carotid artery disease.Methods: Of the 100 patients who had come to our department during the study period with symptoms of cerebrovascular disease such as transient episodes of neurological dysfunction, sudden weakness or numbness, hemiparesis, focal neurological deficits, sudden loss of consciousness, altered sensorium, aphasia, slurring of speech, diminution or loss of vision were included into the study. CT scan of brain and color doppler evaluation for the extracranial carotid arteries was done for all the patients to assess the atheromatous disease of extracranial carotid arteries and comparison with brain changes in cerebrovascular disease patients.Results: Of the 100 patients included into the study, 51% were males and 49% were females. 59% of the patients were above 61 years of age, 24% of them were between 51-60 years and 12% were between 41-50 years. 82% of the patients had the presence of atherosclerotic plaque while 18% had increased intima-media thickness without the plaque. Among the patients with atherosclerotic plaque, 63.4% had diabetes and 68.3% had hypertension. <50% stenosis was seen among 45.1% of the patients while 36.6% had between 50-70%. Near total occlusion was seen in 6.1% of the patients.Conclusions: The color Doppler sonography is a useful tool in evaluation of extra cranial course of carotid vessels. It is a non-invasive, cheap, faster modality without any side effects. Therefore, it could be used in predicting CVA in patients with carotid atheromatous disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color doppler assessment of extra cranial carotid arteries in carotid artery disease with correlation of risk factors in predicting cerebro vascular accident in patients with carotid atheromatous disease

Bollipo

Rao

2018

Int J Adv Med

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“…Hypertension was the most common risk factor which is also similar to the finding of the present study. 10 Haq S et al, used CT scan to diagnose ischemic stroke in 50 patients. 11 They found that ICA/CCA PSV ratio was able to predict stenosis in more than 60% of the cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical study of 2D Echo cardiography findings in stroke- ischemic patients

Saligommula

Alam

2019

Int J Adv Med

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Background: The Echocardiography is the mainstay investigation tool used in stroke patients. Stroke has acquired third place as leading cause of death with ischemic stroke being very common among all the types of the stroke.Objective of the study was to evaluate 2D Echo cardiography findings in the stroke (ischemic) patients.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among the confirmed 50 patients of ischemic stroke. Routine investigations has been done to all the patients included in the study, specific investigations like 2D echo and CT brain (Plain), Doppler study of carotids and fasting lipid profile has been done.Results: Majority of the study subjects belonged to the age group of 60-69 years i.e. 36% followed by the age group of 50-59 years. The most common risk factor for this ischemic stroke found out in the present study was hypertension in 66% of the cases. The prevalence of ischemic stroke was 70% in the males and 30% in the females. Out of 50 cases, 43 cases i.e. 86% were having abnormal lipid profile. Bilateral carotid atherosclerosis (64%) is more common than the unilateral carotid atherosclerosis (36%) on color Doppler study. Mitral annular calcification was the most common finding in 2D ECHO study in 52% of the cases.Conclusions: Males are more affected than females. Hypertension and smoking are two major and predominant risk factors for stroke. Elderly age group is commonly affected. Bilateral carotid atherosclerosis is common finding on color Doppler study and Mitral annular calcification the most common finding in 2D ECHO study.

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“…The frequency of carotid stenosis associated with ischemic stroke has been very different in various studies. In the study by Chang et al in 2002, the prevalence of carotid stenosis was 24.3% (25), in Tan et al study in Taiwan in 2005, it was 6% (26), and in Fernandes et al study in 2016 in India was 24% (27). Overall, the incidence of carotid artery stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke appears to be visible in 6% to 24% of the patients and therefore, this finding in these patients will not predominate in the vast majority of the patients.…”

Section: Concerning the Risk Factors Associated With Ischemicmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemiological Features of Ischemic Brain Stroke; a Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study

et al. 2019

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Background: Assessing the prevalence of brain stroke and its clinical patterns across countries and nations could be valuable. It is an important concern for Iran as one of the countries with a high rate of stroke. Objectives: The present study was aimed to assess the epidemiological aspects of ischemic brain stroke. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Loghman-e-Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran from January 2013 to December 2016. The data were gathered by retrospectively reviewing the hospital records. Results: In this study, 2041 cases were admitted that 1145 (56%) cases were male. The mean age of the patients was 66.50 ± 13.49 years. The most common underlying risk factor was hypertension in 73.7% followed by diabetes mellitus in 44.3%. Left carotid stenosis was reported in 17.2% of the cases and right carotid stenosis in 9.5%. Left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% was found in 8.6% of the cases. The most common areas involved in the brain CT scanning were periventricular areas in 20.5%, left middle cerebral artery in 15.4%, and lacunar infarction 8.8% of the cases. In addition, 214 patients died indicating a crude mortality rate of 10.5%. Conclusions: The prevalence of ischemic brain stroke in males is slightly higher than females and the mean age of the patients was estimated to be 66 years. The most common risk factors are comprised of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Carotid stenosis is evident in more than 25% of the patients, and the mortality rate was 10% in the studied population.

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Evaluation of carotid arteries in stroke patients using color Doppler sonography: A prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Color doppler assessment of extra cranial carotid arteries in carotid artery disease with correlation of risk factors in predicting cerebro vascular accident in patients with carotid atheromatous disease

Color doppler assessment of extra cranial carotid arteries in carotid artery disease with correlation of risk factors in predicting cerebro vascular accident in patients with carotid atheromatous disease

Clinical study of 2D Echo cardiography findings in stroke- ischemic patients

Epidemiological Features of Ischemic Brain Stroke; a Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study

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