Evaluation of cardiorespiratory and biochemical effects of ketamine-propofol and guaifenesin-ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in donkeys (Equus asinus)

Coelho, Cássia Maria Molinaro; Moreno, Juan Carlos Duque; Goulart, Daniel da S.; Caetano, Leandro Batista; Soares, Lorena Karine; Coutinho, Gustavo H.; Alves, Geraldo Eleno Silveira; Silva, Luiz Antonio F. da

doi:10.1111/vaa.12130

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The mixture was administered as a constant rate infusion (2.0 mL/kg/hr) using an infusion pump. They concluded that this protocol induced significant hypoxaemia but no other cardiorespiratory or metabolic changes [20]. In our study, we never observed a decrease in SpO 2 , but this was likely related to the short surgical time and, consequently, the short period of infusion.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Guaiphenesin-ketamine-xylazine infusion to maintain anesthesia in mules undergoing field castration

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIn order to determine whether a combination of guaiphenesin, ketamine and xylazine can induce safe and satisfactory anaesthesia in mules undergoing field castration, eight healthy adult intact male mules were employed. They were premedicated with intravenous (IV) xylazine (1.3 mg/kg); an additional dose of xylazine (0.3 mg/kg IV) was administered in case of inadequate depth of sedation. Anaesthesia was induced with IV thiopental (6 mg/kg). The quality of sedation and induction was recorded. Anaesthesia was maintained with an infusion of guaiphenesin (50 mg/mL), ketamine (2 mg/mL) and xylazine (1 mg/mL) (GKX). The spermatic cord of each testis was infiltrated with 5 mL of 2% lidocaine. During anaesthesia heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured every 5 min. The data were analysed with simple one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Time of anesthesia, time of surgery and time of recovery were recorded.ResultsOnly one mule required an additional dose of xylazine to achieve a satisfactory depth of sedation. Thiopental at the dose of 6 mg/kg IV resulted in smooth induction and lateral recumbency in all animals. GKX provided adequate anaesthesia to perform castration in all mules. Muscle relaxation was deemed adequate and physiological variables remained stable and within references values during the anaesthesia and did not change in response to surgical stimulation. Time (mean ± standard deviation) from the end of the infusion to sternal recumbency and time from sternal recumbency to standing were 27.7 ± 4.6 and 30.1 ± 7.7 min, respectively.ConclusionsThe combination of xylazine, thiopental and GKX provides satisfactory short-term anaesthesia in mules undergoing field castration.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Guaiphenesin-ketamine-xylazine infusion to maintain anesthesia in mules undergoing field castration

et al. 2017

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“…Top-ups were preferred over the increase in the TIVA rate because their effects were faster in deepening of anaesthesia compared to the CRI rate. Moreover, high amounts of infused guaifenesin may cause prolonged recovery due to the cumulative properties of this drug [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The donkeys were allowed to recover form anaesthesia without any assistance and the entire recovery phase was timed and scored from 1 to 3 (1 = Good: donkey stands after 1-3 attempts; no ataxia; 2 = Acceptable: more than 3 attempts to stand; mild, short-term ataxia; 3 = Poor: more than 3 attempts to stand; mild, substantial ataxia) [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TIVA is considered a valuable option if inhalation anaesthesia is not available. The association of alpha 2 -agonists and muscle relaxants produces less cardiovascular depression in ponies and horses [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. A variety of TIVA protocols have been set up for different kinds of surgery in horses, although little is documented for donkeys and mules [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analgesic Effect of Butorphanol during Castration in Donkeys under Total Intravenous Anaesthesia

Straticò

Carluccio

Varasano

et al. 2021

Animals

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Pain management is necessary for all surgical procedures. Little scientific evidence about drug efficacy in donkeys is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of butorphanol in donkeys undergoing orchiectomy under total intravenous anaesthesia with guaifenesin-ketamine-detomidine. A randomized blinded prospective clinical trial (Protocol n. 2021/0000338), was carried out on 18 clinically healthy donkeys undergoing bilateral orchiectomy. Patients were assigned to Group D (n = 8) or Group DB (n = 10) if receiving intravenous detomidine or detomidine-butorphanol respectively, before induction of general anaesthesia with ketamine-diazepam. Intraoperative muscle relaxation, nystagmus, palpebral reflex, heart and respiratory rate, and non-invasive blood pressure were evaluated every 2 min; time to prepare the patient, duration of surgery and anaesthesia and recovery score were recorded. Group D had significantly longer surgical time, higher heart rate, higher systolic and mean blood pressure (p < 0.05; repeated measure ANOVA), increased muscle rigidity and expression of palpebral reflex (p < 0.05; Mann–Whitney U test) than group DB. Top-ups with thiopental were statistically higher in Group D. Butorphanol and detomidine together produced a more stable anaesthetic plan. The low dosage of opioid and alpha-2-agonists and reduced rescue anaesthesia are responsible for a safer and more superficial anaesthesia, which is mandatory under field conditions.

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“…However, Molinaro Coelho et al (2014) found that utilizing propofol infusion can mitigate its adverse effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthetic impact assessment of nefopam, xylazine, ketamine, propofol combination in local donkeys

Abdelbasset,

Abdel-Hady,

Soliman

2023

SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Anesthesia is used in animals to relieve pain during surgical interference or other procedures which were likely causing pain. Safe, effective, and reversible anesthesia requires selecting proper anesthetic agents. This study aimed to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative aspects of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) induced by using nefopam/xylazine/ ketamine and propofol combination in local breed donkeys. Nefopam/xylazine/ ketamine and propofol anesthetic combination was evaluated for pain management by using nefopam to provide the maintenance of the anesthetic stage. The onset and duration of anesthetic induction, time of maintenance, and period of recovery were recorded. Furthermore, heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and blood picture were analyzed before and after administration of the combination. Our findings revealed that administration of Nefopam/ xylazine/ ketamine and propofol combination led to a smooth induction with rapid onset within one minute. The anesthetic effect was maintained for approximately 31 minutes after continuous infusion of propofol for standard deviation (19±2 minutes). This was followed by a smooth recovery within approximately 48 minutes after induction of anesthesia. It concluded that nefopam/xylazine/ketamine and propofol infusion is considered satisfactory for pain management and provide satisfactory anesthesia for short surgical procedures in donkeys.

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Evaluation of cardiorespiratory and biochemical effects of ketamine-propofol and guaifenesin-ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in donkeys (Equus asinus)

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Guaiphenesin-ketamine-xylazine infusion to maintain anesthesia in mules undergoing field castration

Guaiphenesin-ketamine-xylazine infusion to maintain anesthesia in mules undergoing field castration

Analgesic Effect of Butorphanol during Castration in Donkeys under Total Intravenous Anaesthesia

Anesthetic impact assessment of nefopam, xylazine, ketamine, propofol combination in local donkeys

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