Evaluation of business models for the economic exploitation of flexible thermal loads

Pfaffen, Samuel; Werlen, Karl; Koch, Stephan

doi:10.1109/iecon.2013.6699902

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The authors conclude that the market participation of heat pumps has welfare-increasing effects by reduction of the system's electricity costs and by cutting of load peaks while the level of comfort is only slightly decreased. [21] computes a positive outcome for multi-family heat pumps when the operation is driven by the price signals observed at the Swiss intraday and balancing markets. The intraday market is the underlying market for heat pump integration also in the Danish case in [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Use of Residential Heat Pumps - Possibilities and Limits of Market Participation

Raasch

2018

SSRN Journal

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The increased amount of electricity supply from intermittent renewable energy sources leads more and more to high price volatility in electricity spot markets. An increasing share of generation is less dispatchable than in the past, and therefore higher amounts of flexible demand, which can be adjusted towards supply, are required. Even residential consumers are potential market participants, if the smart equipment of buildings and the electricity grid are readily available. This paper investigates the possibility for heat-pump operators to participate in spot markets. Especially problems and possible benefits are investigated when uncertainties in ambient temperatures or prices are considered. Therefore an optimization model, including an air-to-water heat pump, a storage tank and the heated building is implemented in MATLAB. In order to investigate the heat-pumps operation according to optimized heat-supply schedules. Along different scenarios, an agent-based model is used. Namely operations with day-ahead and intraday market participation are investigated, using historical EPEX spot electricity prices for 2014. Results show that uncertainty is a critical issue when private consumers participate in electricity markets. Even with a certain amount of system flexibility, there are tight operational constraints for the heating device, which are hard to fulfill. Short-term decisions including responses to current information are required. The system behavior is acceptable with very shortterm decision making, namely a hourly reoptimization with intraday-market participation. Further on, benefits can be yielded, when a combination of procurement before (day-ahead) and adjustments in the very short term (intraday) are applied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Use of Residential Heat Pumps - Possibilities and Limits of Market Participation

Raasch

2018

SSRN Journal

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“…Electric loads exist under three broad categories: (1) inflexible/on-demand (lights, television sets, radios, desktop computers), (2) deferrable (washers, dryers, dishwashers), (3) and flexible (HVAC, EVs, refrigerators, water heaters) [13]. Smart flexible energy loads (TCLs), contain enough local energy to run for an extended period of time, and an intelligent controller can engage with them via direct load control (DLC) to manage energy reserves without significantly inhibiting operation [16]. Furthermore, TCLs can be controlled for the purpose of curtailment, substitution, storage, and/or load shifting [17].…”

Section: A Theoretical Approaches To Demand Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Micro-level Demand-Side Grid Flexiblity in Resource Constrained Environments

Baridó

Suffian

Rosa

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation

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Abstract-The increased penetration of uncertain and variable renewable energy presents various resource and operational electric grid challenges. Micro-level (household and small commercial) demand-side grid flexibility could be a cost-effective strategy to integrate high penetrations of wind and solar energy, but literature and field deployments exploring the necessary information and communication technologies (ICTs) are scant. This paper presents an exploratory framework for enabling information driven grid flexibility through the Internet of Things (IoT), and a proof-of-concept wireless sensor gateway (FlexBox) to collect the necessary parameters for adequately monitoring and actuating the micro-level demand-side. In the summer of 2015, thirty sensor gateways were deployed in the city of Managua (Nicaragua) to develop a baseline for a near future small-scale demand response pilot implementation. FlexBox field data has begun shedding light on relationships between ambient temperature and load energy consumption, load and building envelope energy efficiency challenges, latency communication network challenges, and opportunities to engage existing demand-side user behavioral patterns. Information driven grid flexibility strategies present great opportunity to develop new technologies, system architectures, and implementation approaches that can easily scale across regions, incomes, and levels of development.Index Terms-Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks, energy management, energy reporting, electric grid flexibility.

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“…Regarding the consumers, Molitor et al [16] and Pfaffen et al [17] found that nonnegligible revenues could be achievable by making consumer in possession of thermostatic loads participate in time-varying price tariffs, tertiary control provision, or intraday transactions. In relation to the DSOs, Nykamp et al [18] stated that an optimal integration and control of these loads could reduce the grid reinforcement costs by 10%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand Response Control in Low Voltage Grids for Technical and Commercial Aggregation Services

Mendaza

Szczesny

Pillai

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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The electrification of sectors such as heating and transportation represents a challenge as well as an opportunity for distribution system operators. On the one hand, they are committed to accommodate large numbers of highly rated loads in networks for which it was not designed. On the other hand, some of those represent a source of flexibility that can be used to satisfy different technical and commercial purposes. This paper introduces an upgraded hierarchical structure that aims to serve as a platform for activating and controlling the demand response in low voltage (LV) networks. In this way, a system operator playing a role of an aggregator not only could trade flexible demand in the power markets, but also materialize its energy agreements while ensuring the local network security and reliability. To verify the effectiveness of this extended method, a Danish LV network is considered. The results show that it is possible to fulfill energy commitments in energy markets such as the regulation power market while respecting the proper network operation. However, the activation of the flexibility offered might be limited depending on the network characteristics and the season of the year.Index Terms-Demand response, heat pump (HP), hierarchical control, low voltage (LV) networks, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs).

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Evaluation of business models for the economic exploitation of flexible thermal loads

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Flexible Use of Residential Heat Pumps - Possibilities and Limits of Market Participation

Flexible Use of Residential Heat Pumps - Possibilities and Limits of Market Participation

Enabling Micro-level Demand-Side Grid Flexiblity in Resource Constrained Environments

Demand Response Control in Low Voltage Grids for Technical and Commercial Aggregation Services

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