Evaluation of broiler litter transportation in northern Alabama, USA

Economics of dairy waste use as fertilizer in central Texas

“…mended rates of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash application in Texas district 8 from commercial fertilizers for peanuts, wheat, sorghum, corn and oat are 17:67:67; 94:52:0; 109:57:0; 94:52:0; and 13:13:13 N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O kg/ha, respectively (Texas Crop and Livestock Budgets, 1997). Loading ($0.55/ton), transporting ($0.07/ton/ km), and land application costs ($8.65/ha) used in this study were obtained from economic studies of broiler litter (Paudel et al, 2002(Paudel et al, -2003(Paudel et al, , 2004Paudel and McIntosh, 2005) and industrial sewage (Kriesel et al, 1994) utilization and transportation as substitutes for chemical fertilizers.…”

“…Results have differed depending on the types of animal manure. Substantial research has been done to analyze the economics of broiler litter (Bosch and Napit, 1992;Govindasamy and Cochran, 1995;Paudel et al, 2002Paudel et al, -2003Paudel et al, , 2004Paudel and McIntosh, 2005) and sewage sludge transportation and application (Kriesel et al, 1994) as a substitute for chemical fertilizers. Other researchers have addressed manure management problems associated with swine production (Fleming et al, 1998).…”

Managing waste from confined animal feeding operations in the United States: the need for sanitary reform

“…A study in Alabama using phosphorous as a limiting nutrient in poultry litter found that the break-even distance for which poultry litter could be exported to other counties would not provide sufficient economic benefits to set up a system of exports without subsidies (Paudel et al 2004).…”

Country report: Broiler industry and broiler litter-related problems in the southeastern United States

“…It is assumed that these farms have all necessary farm machinery and equipment. The litter transportation cost in the Georgia Piedmont region is $0.07 per ton per km (Kriesel et al, 1994;Paudel et al, 2002Paudel et al, -2003Paudel et al, 2004). The cost of litter is $12 per ton (GASS, 1997).…”