Evaluation of bleaching efficacy, microhardness, and trans-amelodentinal diffusion of a novel bleaching agent for an in-office technique containing hexametaphosphate and fluoride

Júnior, Nilson Antônio Nunes; Nunes, Gabriel Pereira; Gruba, Amanda Scarpin; Danelon, Marcelle; Silva, Lívia Maria Alves Valentim da; Batista, Gabriella de Farias; Briso, André Luiz Fraga; Delbem, Alberto Carlos Botazzo

doi:10.1007/s00784-022-04480-3

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The CSMH analysis examined the efficacy of the experimental gels in preventing in-depth mineral loss in the enamel [38], and the findings showed that remineralization was more effective after incorporating CaPP and ALP in Tris-based thickeners (ALP-T), compared to water-based thickeners (ALP-H) or CaPP alone (CaPP-H and CaPP-T). This suggests that the presence of ALP in the water-based thickener was unable to translate into an increase in the release of ions, as reported in the PO 4 3− levels, into the CSMH values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatically Driven Mineralization of a Calcium–Polyphosphate Bleaching Gel

Ortiz,

Corrales Ureña,

Aguiar

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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To examined alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity and the effects of incorporating it in the thickener solution of a hydrogen-peroxide-based bleaching gel containing calcium-polyphosphate (CaPP) on the orthophosphate (PO43−) levels, bleaching effectiveness, and enamel microhardness. ALP activity was assessed at different pH levels and H2O2 concentrations, and in H2O- and Tris-based thickeners. Circular dichroism (CD) was used to examine the ALP secondary structure in water-, Tris-, or H2O2-based mediums. The PO43− levels were evaluated in thickeners with and without ALP. Enamel/dentin specimens were allocated into the following groups: control (without bleaching); commercial (Whiteness-HP-Maxx); Exp-H (H2O-based); CaPP-H; ALP-H (CaPP+ALP); Exp-T (Tris-based); CaPP-T; and ALP-T (CaPP+ALP). Color changes (ΔE/ΔE00) and the bleaching index (ΔWID) were calculated, and surface (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were assessed. The two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used to compare ALP and PO43− levels; generalized linear models were used to examine: ΔE/ΔE00/SMH/CSMH; and Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s tests were used for ΔWID (α = 5%). The ALP activity was higher at pH 9, lower in H2O2-based mediums, and similar in both thickeners. The CD-spectra indicated denaturation of the enzyme upon contact with H2O2. The PO43− levels were higher after incorporating ALP, and the ΔE/ΔE00/ΔWID were comparable among bleached groups. SMH was lower after bleaching in Exp-H, while CSMH was highest in ALP-T.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatically Driven Mineralization of a Calcium–Polyphosphate Bleaching Gel

Ortiz,

Corrales Ureña,

Aguiar

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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“…Knoop hardness in the cross-sectional was determined with a load of 5 g/10 s at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 e 180 µm from the surface. The integrated area under the curve of hardness values (KHN × µm) was calculated by the trapezoidal rule using the software GraphPad Prism (Prism 7 for Windows, version 7.00, San Diego, CA, USA) [9,18]. Hereafter, the values were subtracted from the integrated area for sound enamel to obtain integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN; KHN x µm) [18, 20-22].…”

Section: Surface and Cross-sectional Hardness And Roughness Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the o ce technique, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is used as a highconcentration bleaching agent (35-40%) [6,7]. However, despite the great aesthetic satisfaction that the procedure provides, it is known that whitening can also cause undesirable changes in the dental structure [5,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that the greater the concentration of H 2 O 2 and the time of exposure of the dental tissue to the bleaching gel [10,11], the greater the changes in mechanical properties [5,9], such as mineral loss [6, 9,12], morphological changes [12,13], increased roughness [5] of dental enamel, as well as effects that extend to the pulp tissue [8, 14,15], mainly due to dissociation into reactive oxygen species and other powerful oxidizing agents [10,11], which culminates clinically in the high rates of sensitivity reported by patients [3,16]. Even with such inconveniences, in-o ce bleaching remains the main aesthetic clinical conduct required by patients [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, new whitening protocols and approaches have been sought to minimize such therapy harms. Among possible alternatives, the addition of remineralizing agents, such as phosphate salts, to bleaching gels has been studied [6,9,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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