Evaluation of bitumen modification with crumb rubber obtained through a high pressure water jet (HPWJ) process

Method of Fatigue-Life Prediction for an Asphalt Mixture Based on the Plateau Value of Permanent Deformation Ratio

“…The fracture mechanics approach was used to study fatigue by monitoring crack development in its early stages. Researchers carried out many studies on the fatigue properties of asphalt concrete with rubber grains based on fracture mechanics [ 16 , 17 ]. Principles of fracture mechanics were applied to data obtained by monitoring the size and the length of the crack opening to discover the stress intensity factors at the crack tip [ 18 , 19 ].…”

A Comparative Study on Vehicular Tyre Rubber and Aircraft Tyre Rubber, A Review Based on SEM, EDS and XRD Analysis

“…The result shows the larger crystal size, increased crystallinity and more regular morphology of the material with increased aging time [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample [13][14] .…”

“…Several methods for crystallinity measurements emerged and the technique of X-ray diffraction is one of the best methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is one of the most important nondestructive tools to analyze all kinds of matter ranging from fluids to powders and crystals [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] . However, since polymers like rubber do not consist of clear two phases, crystalline, and amorphous regions, it is difficult to calculate the accurate crystallinity values of rubberized materials 18 .…”

“…In the present era industrialization and consumerism tremendously increased the usage of polymers like rubberized materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Advancement in the construction of roads and vehicles is on the priority as automobiles became a necessary part of life.…”

“…Tyre rubber waste is neither categorized as solid waste or hazardous waste. For the most part, it is considered as industrial or trade waste and thus there is no particular law or regulation which governs waste tyre management [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] .…”