Evaluation of Bioactive Metabolites and Antioxidant-Rich Extracts of Amaranths with Possible Role in Pancreatic Lipase Interaction: In Silico and In Vitro Studies

Abstract

Fat/carbohydrate-rich diet consumption or elevated secretion of pancreatic lipase (PL) in pancreatic injury results in increased fat digestion and storage. Several metabolites in plant-based diets can help achieve the requirements of nutrition and fitness together. Presently, nutritional metabolites from Amaranthus tricolor, A. viridis, and Achyranthes aspera were assessed and predicted for daily intake. The volatile-metabolite profiling of their extracts using GC-MS revealed various antioxidant and bioactive components. The implication of these specialized components and antioxidant-rich extracts (EC50 free radical scavenging: 34.1 ± 1.5 to 166.3 ± 14.2 µg/mL; FRAP values: 12.1 ± 1.0 to 34.0 ± 2.0 µg Trolox Equivalent/mg) in lipolysis regulation by means of interaction with PL was checked by in-silico docking (Betahistine and vitamins: ΔGbind −2.3 to −4.4 kcal/mol) and in-vitro fluorescence quenching. Out of the various compounds and extracts tested, Betahistine, ATRA and AVLA showed better quenching the PL fluorescence. The identification of potential extracts as source of functional components contributing to nutrition and fat regulation can be improved through such study.

Inquiry lipaseoring the mechanism of pancreatic lipase inhibition by isovitexin based on multispectral method and enzyme inhibition assay

“…The fluorescence quenching mechanism includes two types of quenchings: static and dynamic quenching [54]. The quenching constant ( K sv ) decreases with increasing temperature proving a static quenching, while dynamic quenching is opposed to static quenching [55]. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching was determined from the Stern–Volmer equation, which states $$$$ \frac{F_0}{F}=1+{k}_q{\tau}_0\left[Q\right]=1+{K}_{sv}\left[Q\right] $$$$ where F 0 and F respectively represent the steady‐state fluorescence emission intensity of PL with and without isovitexin.…”

“…The fluorescence quenching mechanism includes two types of quenchings: static and dynamic quenching [54]. The quenching constant (K sv ) decreases with increasing temperature proving a static quenching, while dynamic quenching is opposed to static quenching [55]. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching was determined from the Stern-Volmer equation, which states…”

Compounds Interacting with Cholecystokinin as Potential Drugs Against Excessive Weight Gain and Obesity

“…In addition, other studies have examined drugs inhibiting pancreatic lipase (e. g., orlistat) or with anorexigenic effects (e. g., sibutramine) [46,47] . Therefore, several drugs, therapeutic targets, and new treatments have been developed to lose body weight [48,49] …”

“…apeutic targets, and new treatments have been developed to lose body weight. [48,49] Therefore, we have proposed a different approach for treating these risk factors (overweight and obese), preventing or hindering tyrosine sulfation in the CCK peptide using compounds that interact with this peptide family to decrease CCK1 function and body weight. Since CCK1 controls gallbladder emptying and pancreatic enzyme secretion, [7,8,15,18,22] it represents a suitable mechanism and justifies using CCK as a therapeutic target for developing drugs to reduce excessive body weight.…”

A comprehensive review on phytochemistry of Achyranthes aspera Linn.: An Indian medicinal plant

“…Using dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, isoquercetin, apigenin-7-O-hexuronide-4'-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and tiliroside were isolated [22]. The methanolic extract of leaves and roots of A. aspera were used to isolate quercetin [23]. The structures of flavonoids are given in Fig.…”