Evaluation of bendiocarb cytotoxicity in mammalian and insect cell cultures

Abstract

There is an increasing need for rapid and easily interpreted in vitro assays to screen for possible cytotoxicity of pesticides. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the carbamate insecticide bendiocarb on mammalian and insect cell cultures. The cytotoxicity of this insecticide was evaluated by cell proliferation and cellular damage was assessed by evaluation of the cytopathic effect and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Cells of insect origin (Sf21) were the most sensitive to bendiocarb with significant (P < 0.01) suppression of their proliferative activity ranging from 10(-1)-10(-5) M. However, significant suppression of proliferative activity was also recorded in rat liver cells (WBF344; 10(-1)-10(-3) M; P < 0.01-0.05) and rabbit kidney cells (RK13; 10(-1) M; P < 0.01). In contrast with the proliferation activity of cells, a cytopathic effect based on cellular damage and LDH leakage into the medium was observed only at the highest concentration (10(-1) M) in RK 13 and WBF344 cells, but not in the Sf21 insect cell line. Our results indicate that bendiocarb exposure caused a cell-type dependent decrease in cell proliferation; however, cell damage and LDH leakage into the medium were not present or were strongly limited, dependent on the cell phenotype. Cell proliferation was shown as a sensitive indicator for evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of bendiocarb in vitro; on the other hand, microscopic signs of cellular damage and LDH leakage were insufficient in vitro markers.

Synergistic effect of non-ionic surfactants Tween 80 and PEG6000 on cytotoxicity of insecticides

“…Pesticide toxicity has been clearly demonstrated to increase the risk of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases of major public health significance and to act as endocrine disruptors, contributing to various adverse effects associated with reproductive and developmental toxicity (Franco et al, 2010;Polláková et al, 2012). In the present study, the selected insecticides including avermectin (an aminobutyric acid receptor inhibitor), chlorpyrifos (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor), The concentrations of chlorfluazuron and hexaflumuron were used as 20 M, respectively.…”

Real-time monitoring of cadmium toxicity in rabbit kidney cells

“…Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity was also assessed by LDH leakage into the culture medium. The LDH leakage assay has been employed as an indicator of cytotoxicity in liver cells (Dong et al 1998;Fotakis and Timbrell 2006) as well as in toxicity studies using rat renal proximal tubular cells (Fukumoto et al 2001) and rabbit kidney epithelial cells (Pollakova et al 2012). The loss of intracellular LDH and its release into the culture medium is an indicator of irreversible cell death due to cell membrane damage (Fotakis and Timbrell 2006).…”

Structural and ultrastructural study of the rabbit kidney exposed to carbamate insecticide

“…Neurotoxicity as the main impact of carbamates as well as alterations of homeostasis (Sobekova et al 2009;Capcarova et al 2010;Mojzisova et al 2012) or other important organs such as thymus (Flesarova et al 2007), lymphoid tissue , liver (Holovska et al 2011;Pollakova et al 2012), spleen (Petrovova et al 2011), and testes (Almasiova et al 2012) have been studied in great detail.…”