“…O. Senol et al performed a spring-back analysis in the air bending process through experiment-based artificial neural networks (Ozgu et al, 2014). Many studies have also examined the effects of material properties, tool shapes and bending Sutasn THIPPRAKMAS* and Arkarapon SONTAMINO** temperatures on the spring-back characteristics and precision of bent parts constructed with difficult-to-form materials, such as aluminum alloy sheets (Thipprakmas and Boochakul, 2015), (Adnan et al, 2017), (Ren et al, 2017), , (Wang et al, 2017), (Thipprakmas, 2013); high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) sheets (Ghaei et al, 2015), (Leu, 2017), (Zajkani and Hajbarati, 2017), (Saxena et al, 2017), (Jiang and Dai, 2015); and magnesium alloy sheets (Xie et al, 2015), (Duc-Toan et al, 2012). The effects of the bend angle and tool radius on the spring-back characteristics of aluminum alloy sheets (A1100-O, (JIS)) in the U-bending process were studied (Thipprakmas and Boochakul, 2015).…”