Evaluation of bacterial nitrate reduction in the human oral cavity

Doel, Justin J.; Benjamin, Nigel; Hector, M.P.; Rogers, Michael B; Allaker, Robert P.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00184.x

Cited by 279 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

258

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, it should be noted, that Actinomyces spp. are able to reduce nitrate to nitrite [25]. Killing of those bacteria by broad-spectrum antiseptics disturbs the physiological role of these oral bacteria in blood pressure control [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro activity of sodium-hypochlorite gel on bacteria associated with periodontitis

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

2Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of a sodium hypochlorite formulation incl. its components against bacteria associated with periodontal disease. Materials and Methods:Sodium hypochlorite formulation (NaOCl gel), its components sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the activating vehicle were compared with 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) solution. The antimicrobial activity was proven by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentrations, and killing assays. Furthermore, the influence on formation as well as on a 4-days old 6-species biofilm was tested.Results: Except for one strain (Parvimonas micra ATCC 33270 in case of NaOCl gel) the MICs both of the CHX solution and NaOCl gel did not exceed 10% of the formulations' concentration. In general MICs of the NaOCl gel were equal as of the CHX solution against Gram-negatives but higher against Gram-positive bacteria. CHX but not NaOCl gel clearly inhibited biofilm formation, however the activity of NaOCl gel was more remarkable on a 4-d old biofilm. NaOCl killed bacteria in the biofilm and interfered with the matrix. Conclusions:The NaOCl gel acts antimicrobial in particular against Gram-negative species associated with periodontitis. Moreover, its component NaOCl hypochlorite is able to alter biofilm matrices.Clinical relevance: The NaOCl gel may represent a potential alternative for adjunctive topical antimicrobial treatment in periodontitis

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro activity of sodium-hypochlorite gel on bacteria associated with periodontitis

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Instead, the benefits of nitrate supplementation appear to be related to an increased production of the multifunctional signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO). Ingested nitrate is reduced to nitrite by symbiotic bacteria residing predominantly on the dorsal surface of the tongue [12,13]. A portion of the nitrite is converted into NO in the acidic environment of the stomach [14,15], but the majority enters systemic circulation where it may be reduced to NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides in the blood and tissue via various nitrite reductases [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independent of aerobic fitness

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) increases plasma nitrite concentration, lowers the oxygen cost (V O2) of steady-state exercise and improves exercise performance in sedentary and moderately-trained, but rarely in well-trained individuals exercising at sea-level. BRJ supplementation may be more effective in a hypoxic environment, where the reduction of nitrite into nitric oxide (NO) is potentiated, such that well-trained and less well-trained individuals may derive a similar ergogenic effect.We conducted a randomised, counterbalanced, double-blind placebo controlled trial to determine the effects of BRJ on treadmill running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia (equivalent to 2500 m altitude) in participants with a range of aerobic fitness levels. Twelve healthy males (V O2max ranging from 47.1 -76.8 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) ingested 138 ml concentrated BRJ (~ 15.2 mmol nitrate) or a nitrate-deplete placebo (PLA) (~ 0.2 mmol nitrate). Three hours later, participants completed steady-state moderate intensity running, and a 1500 m time-trial (TT) in a normobaric hypoxic chamber (FIO2 ~15 %). Plasma nitrite concentration was significantly greater following BRJ versus PLA 1 hour post supplementation, and remained higher in BRJ throughout the testing session (p < 0.01). Average V O2 was significantly lower (BRJ: 18.4 ± 2.0, PLA: 20.4 ± 12.6 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ; p = 0.002), whilst arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was significantly greater (BRJ: 88.4 ± 2.7, PLA: 86.5 ± 3.3 %; p < 0.001) following BRJ. BRJ improved TT performance in all 12 participants by an average of 3.2 % (BRJ: 331.1 ± 45.3 vs. PL: 341.9 ± 46.1 s; p < 0.001). There was no apparent relationship between aerobic fitness and the improvement in performance following BRJ (r 2 = 0.05, p > 0.05). These findings suggests that a high nitrate dose in the form of a BRJ supplement may improve running performance in individuals with a range of aerobic fitness levels conducting moderate and high-intensity exercise in a normobaric hypoxic environment.

show abstract

“…The nitrate-reducing bacterium targeted in this study was Veillonella dispar, which has potent nitrate-reducing activity and is one of the species most frequently isolated from the surface of the tongue (12). In our pilot study involving 20 healthy adults, V. dispar was detected more frequently and clearly than V. atypica, another predominant nitrate-reducing bacterium in the oral cavity (12), via the PCR method using the same procedure as that described below (unpublished data).…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) Protocol and Semiquantificatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For collection of bacteria, the dorsal surface of the tongue of each participant was swabbed 5 times using a sterile cotton wool stick. The posterior surface of the tongue is the major area responsible for nitrate reduction in the oral cavity (12). The stick was immediately placed in 1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to create a bacterial slurry.…”

Section: Participants and Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of essential oil, povidone-iodine, and chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary nitrate/nitrite and nitrate-reducing bacteria

Mitsui

Harasawa²

2017

J Oral Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary nitrate is reduced to nitrite and nitric oxide by microbial flora, and this activity is beneficial to vascular health. It has been reported that this bacterial process is inhibited by chlorhexidine mouthwash, although the effects of other products are largely unknown. This study examined the effects of several treatments on salivary nitrate/nitrite and nitrate-reducing bacteria. Twelve university staff and students performed mouth-washing with water (control), essential oil, 0.35% povidone-iodine, or 0.0025% chlorhexidine and then ate 100 g lettuce (110 mg nitrate content), followed by collection of saliva and tongue bacteria at the baseline, and 1, 5, and 10 h thereafter. The individual treatments were separated by an interval of one week. Salivary nitrate/nitrite was measured by the calorimetric method, and a representative nitrate-reducing bacterial species, Veillonella dispar, was detected and semi-quantified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Significant increases in salivary nitrate/nitrite were observed for all treatments (all P < 0.05). The PCR assay showed that water, essential oil, and povidone-iodine mouthwash had little effect, whereas V. dispar DNA bands were markedly inhibited after washing with chlorhexidine. These results suggest that essential oil and povidone-iodine mouthwash have little effect on oral nitrate-reducing activity. Salivary nitrite production was not reduced by chlorhexidine, but the fainter band of V. dispar DNA suggests that longer daily use might blunt this nitrate-reducing activity.

show abstract

Evaluation of bacterial nitrate reduction in the human oral cavity

Cited by 279 publications

References 25 publications

In-vitro activity of sodium-hypochlorite gel on bacteria associated with periodontitis

In-vitro activity of sodium-hypochlorite gel on bacteria associated with periodontitis

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independent of aerobic fitness

The effects of essential oil, povidone-iodine, and chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary nitrate/nitrite and nitrate-reducing bacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About