Evaluation of Bacterial Load and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from Ready-to-Eat Raw Beef in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of food-borne intoxication and the most frequent antibiotic-resistant pathogen in the world. Regular evaluation of the current safety status of food is a proactive measure to minimize the possible danger of food-borne pathogens. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the bacterial load and antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus from ready-to-eat raw beef in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia. Methodology. This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to April 2019 by collecting a total of 101 raw beef samples from butcher shops using a simple random sampling method. Isolation and microbial load determination of S. aureus use were performed by conventional culture method and an antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted by using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method on the Mueller–Hinton agar. The data were analyzed by using STATA software version 12.0. Result. Out of 101 raw beef samples, 55 (54.45%) were positive for S. aureus with a mean bacterial count of 3.40 ± 0.63 (log10 cfu/g). About 13% of butcher shops had unacceptable and potentially dangerous (above 104 cfu/g) bacterial load. High S. aureus drug resistance was observed on penicillin (92.73%) followed by cefoxitin (74.5%), tetracycline (63.63%), and clindamycin (50.9%). On the other hand, there was the highest susceptibility for ciprofloxacin (100%) followed by gentamycin (90.91%) and erythromycin (87.27%). Multidrug resistance was also found in 54 (98%) of the isolates. Conclusion. In this study highly drug-resistant S. aureus was incriminated as the main meat contaminant in butcheries of Bahir Dar city. Therefore, appropriate antimicrobial use and staphylococcal control methods should be employed to prevent S. aureus intoxications in foods.

Ready-to-eat foods: A potential vehicle for spread of coagulase-positive staphylococci and antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Buea municipality, South West Cameroon

“…High S. aureus antibiotic resistance was observed for penicillin (93.06%) followed by amoxicillin and erythromycin and our results are comparable to that reported by Tsehayneh et al [60]. Forty-five (62.5%) S. aureus isolates in this study showed multidrug resistance and this was lower than 98% (54 out of 55 S. aureus isolates) recently reported by Tsehayneh et al [60].…”

“…This high sensitivity of the S. aureus isolates has great therapeutic relevance because these antibiotics can be used to treat infections caused by this bacterium in our resource poor community. High S. aureus antibiotic resistance was observed for penicillin (93.06%) followed by amoxicillin and erythromycin and our results are comparable to that reported by Tsehayneh et al [60]. Forty-five (62.5%) S. aureus isolates in this study showed multidrug resistance and this was lower than 98% (54 out of 55 S. aureus isolates) recently reported by Tsehayneh et al [60].…”

Assessment of consumer demographics and food safety risks associated with ready-to-eat (RTE) homemade foods purchased online in the UAE

“…57 % of the food samples had total aerobic plate count in the range of 2.67–8.89 log cfu/g of sample. S. aureus was present in almost half of 66 food samples analyzed ranging from 2.45 to 8.65 log cfu/g of sample which exceeds the satisfactory limits of 4 log cfu/g [ 36 ]. The presence of S. aureus above the satisfactory limit is a clear indication of the poor personal hygiene of the person handling the food [ 37 ].…”

Detection of virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw beef for retail sale in the markets of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia

“…In these studies, S. aureus was determined between 16% and 54.4% of the raw beef samples [ 23 – 27 ]. For instance in a study in Iran by Zeinab Torki, S. aureus was found in 16% of raw beef for retail sale, [ 23 ] in a study by Bizuneh Tsehaynah, 54.5%, [ 24 ] and in a study by Qianting Ou, and 29.2% [ 25 ]. In a study conducted in Japan, it was also reported that 32.8% of the raw beef samples were contaminated by S.aureus [ 26 ].…”