Evaluation of Aspects of Binocular Vision in Children With Dyslexia

Wahlberg-Ramsay, Marika; Nordström, Malin; Salkic, Jasna; Brautaset, Rune

doi:10.3109/09273972.2012.735335

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This provides an independent line of evidence against the role of small phoria correction in reading disorder: if an acute change from the physiological state in a healthy subject does not impair reading, we presume that the inverse, a correction of a pathological phoria back to physiological orthophoria will not be useful to treat reading difficulties. The latter is in accordance with Wahlberg-Ramsay et al (2012), who evaluated the binocular function (visual acuity, refractive error, best corrected visual acuity at distance and near, near point of convergence, amplitude of accommodation, stereopsis, phorias, fusional reserves) in dyslexic children in comparison to age-matched control children. They found indeed a reduced amplitude of accommodation in dyslexic children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Reading performance is not affected by a prism induced increase of horizontal and vertical vergence demand

Dysli¹,

Vogel²,

Abegg³

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Purpose: Dyslexia is the most common developmental reading disorder that affects language skills. Latent strabismus (heterophoria) has been suspected to be causally involved. Even though phoria correction in dyslexic children is commonly applied, the evidence in support of a benefit is poor. In order to provide experimental evidence on this issue, we simulated phoria in healthy readers by modifying the vergence tone required to maintain binocular alignment.Methods: Vergence tone was altered with prisms that were placed in front of one eye in 16 healthy subjects to induce exophoria, esophoria, or vertical phoria. Subjects were to read one paragraph for each condition, from which reading speed was determined. Text comprehension was tested with a forced multiple choice test. Eye movements were recorded during reading and subsequently analyzed for saccadic amplitudes, saccades per 10 letters, percentage of regressive (backward) saccades, average fixation duration, first fixation duration on a word, and gaze duration.Results: Acute change of horizontal and vertical vergence tone does neither significantly affect reading performance nor reading associated eye movements.Conclusion: Prisms in healthy subjects fail to induce a significant change of reading performance. This finding is not compatible with a role of phoria in dyslexia. Our results contrast the proposal for correcting small angle heterophorias in dyslexic children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Reading performance is not affected by a prism induced increase of horizontal and vertical vergence demand

Dysli¹,

Vogel²,

Abegg³

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Based on these measurements, all subjects were classified as having normal binocular vision and well-compensated phorias ( Table 2). No difference was found between the groups and the values were well within the normal span found by Wahlberg-Ramsay et al, 7 who examined children in the same age group.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 68%

Can vergence training improve reading in dyslexics?

et al. 2014

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“…For example, children-athletes have higher performance for the fusional amplitude in convergence, with respect to a matched control group of nonathletes [19]. In addition, binocular deficits were also highly observed in dyslexic children and thus considered as a result of their phonological deficit of dyslexia [20]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Visual Defects and Occlusal Molar Class in Children

Caruso

Gatto

Capogreco

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Purpose The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the presence of any correlations between dysfunctions related to visual impairments and dental occlusion. Methods The test group included 34 subjects (21 males and 13 females; mean age 11 ± 2 years) randomly selected with the following inclusion criteria: absence of any diagnosis for problems at visual level except those related to refractive defects, visual acuity of at least 1.0, absence of any syndrome or malformation in the craniofacial area, good general health, and absence of any systemic disease able to influence the vision or the craniofacial growth. They underwent visual clinical tests to evaluate the presence of fusional vergence defects and amplitude. Each patient underwent an orthodontic clinical exam and the occlusal molar relationship of each subject was recorded and considered as occlusal variable. A statistical analysis with Chi-Squared test was performed in order to analyze the associations between the visual defects and the occlusal variable. Results A statistically significant association between the molar occlusal relationship and the occurrence of exodeviations was observed. The percentage of subjects presenting fusional amplitudes with convergence lower of the cut-off value was statistically significantly higher in the group of occlusal molar second class. Conclusions The results obtained show that there is an association between occlusal second molar class and fusional vergence defects.

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Evaluation of Aspects of Binocular Vision in Children With Dyslexia

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Reading performance is not affected by a prism induced increase of horizontal and vertical vergence demand

Reading performance is not affected by a prism induced increase of horizontal and vertical vergence demand

Can vergence training improve reading in dyslexics?

Association of Visual Defects and Occlusal Molar Class in Children

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