Evaluation of Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Adhesion Molecule Expression in Trophoblastic Tissue of Women With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion and Infected With Toxoplasma gondii

Abstract

Recurrent spontaneous abortion is an obstetric complication with undefined causes. Apoptosis, proliferation, and adhesion are considered important factors in the pathogenesis of abortion. This work aimed to determine Bax and Bcl-2 as a proapoptotic and antiapoptotic protein, Ki67 and P27kip as proliferative and antiproliferative proteins, and E-cadherin and CD44 as adhesion molecules in the trophoblastic tissues in cases with recurrent miscarriage. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of Bax, Bcl-2, Ki67, P27kip , E-cadherin, and CD44 in paraffin-embedded sections of placental tissues obtained from 108 women were divided into 3 categories: 66 Toxoplasma gondii–positive women with recurrent abortion, 22 T. gondii–negative women with recurrent abortion, and 20 women with no history of abortion as a control group. The mean ratio of the expression of Bax and P27kip proteins was 35.3% and 36.1%, which is significantly higher than that of the second group (19.88 and 20.02%), and the third group (12.3% and 10.98%), while the mean ratio of the expression of Bcl-2, Ki67, E-cadherin, and CD44 proteins was 12.35%, 11.23%, 10.32%, and 9.97%, which is significantly lower than that of the second group (33.75%, 13.18%, 21.88%, and 23.29%) and that of the third group (38.58%, 39.27%, 37.98%, and 35.79%). The presence of proapoptotic protein (Bax) and antiproliferative protein (P27kip ) at high levels and the presence of antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2), proliferative protein (Ki67), and adhesion molecules (E-cadherin and CD44) in lower levels in the T. gondii–positive group clarify the mechanism involved in the induction of abortion and loss of pregnancy.

The role of Ca2+ in the injury of host cells during the schizogenic stage of E. tenella

“…Schistosoma japonicum can promote cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of Fas and FasL in CD 4+ and CD 8+ T cells ( Lundy et al, 2001 ). When Toxoplasma gondii infected the embryo trophoblast, the expression of Bax and P27 proteins in host cells increased, and the apoptosis rate of host cells increased ( Elsalam et al, 2021 ). After chickens were infected with E. tenella , the concentration of calcium ions and reactive oxygen species in the cecal mucosa and intestinal gland epithelial cells of chickens increased, thereby promoting the apoptosis of cecal cells ( Zhang et al, 2015 ).…”

Overexpression of long non‑coding RNA NEAT1 enhances cell viability and inhibits apoptosis in recurrent spontaneous abortion by targeting the miR‑125b/BCL‑2 axis

“…BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, plays a key role in regulating endometrial cell turnover (35). A recent study reported that BCL-2 expression was reduced in trophoblastic tissues of patients with RSAs (36). Similarly, a reduction in BCL-2 expression was discovered in the villi of patients with RSAs, suggesting that low BCL-2 expression may be associated with RSA.…”

The Prognostic Value of Cancer Stem Cell Marker, Cluster of Differentiation 133 Expression in Stage III Colorectal Carcinoma

“…After each incubation, the slide was dipped in a buffer for 5 minutes. EnVision™ FLEX Hematoxylin did the counterstaining, then dehydration by deionized water, and finally the slides were mounted with a coverslip using DPX (BDH Clinical, Merck, USA) (10,11) . The use of kidney tissue provided positive control.…”