Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Different Medicinal Plants against Newcastle Disease Virus

Abstract

Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease that has a tremendous negative impact on the poultry industry worldwide. Plant extracts were prepared from five different medicinal plants and applied against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) to evaluate the antiviral replication in Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) chicken embryos. Three dilutions from each plant extract were prepared and mixed with a fixed titer (10 4 EID 50 /mL) of virulent NDV strain Herts 33. The mix was inoculated into nine-day-old SPF chicken embryos that were monitored for five days. Real-time PCR and hemagglutination tests were conducted to evaluate the activity of NDV and its viral RNA titer. Some plant extracts showed a complete inhibition of NDV evidenced by the absence of embryo deaths, the absence of HA titer and viral RNA in the allantoic fluid. These plant extracts were from Moringa peregrina (leaves), Acacia cyanophylla (leaves), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (fruits) and Pistacia atlantica (leaves and stems). Other plant extracts showed partial inhibition of NDV, such as Ceratonia siliqua (leaves) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (leaves). This experiment shows the potential of using medicinal plants as antiviral agents.

Analysis of bioactive composites and antiviral activity of Iresine herbstii extracts against Newcastle disease virus in ovo

“…500 µg/mL and 600 µg/L has less mortality rates than first two concentrations i.e., 40%. These outcomes are in line with findings of Al- Hadid (2016), who conducted similar work and stated that leaves extract of Ceratonia siliqua at any of plant concentrations did not inhibit NDV activity completely. High concentration 500 µg/mL showed 20%, 250 µg/mL showed 40% and low concentration of Ceratonia siliqua caused 80% mortality.…”

Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. plant extracts and essential oils: A review

“…Similarly, methanolic extracts showed 50% inhibition of HSV 1 and 2 in concentration 0.1-0.3 μg/mL, and against Varicella zoster virus at concentration 1.0 μL/ml (Abu-Jafar and Huleihel, 2017). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extracts inhbit multiplication of animal New Castle virus in concentration range 50-500 μg/mL (Al-Hadid, 2016). Antiviral activity has been observed for E. camaldulensis methanolic extracts against polio virus, coxsackie B, and echovirus 6 (Adeniyi et al, 2015).…”

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Ceratonia siliqua L. leaves

“…Ethanolic extract of C. siliqua leaves was tested against NDV and found partially active. The gradual concentrations of carob leaves extract (500, 250 and 50 µg/mL) showed 20, 40 and 80% mortality, respectively (Al-Hadid, 2016). These findings demonstrate a dose-dependent manner of plant extract and mortality.…”