Evaluation of antimycotic activity of grapefruit leaf extract on Candida species - An in vitro study

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: Candidiasis is one of the most common pathological conditions affecting the oral mucosa. Synthetic antifungals are being eliminated from the market due to the burden of environmental residues and carcinogenesis. Bioactive phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenoids, polyacetylenes, unsaturated isobutylamides, and phenolics are considered safer than synthetic products. The medical field is continuously exploring plant products against the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant organisms. Leaves of grapefruits were selected for the study because citrus species are well known for their antibacterial and antifungal properties. Materials and Methods: Volatile oils extracted from grapefruit leaves by hydro distillation were tested for antifungal activity by agar diffusion method against various ATCC strains of Candida. MIC/MFC and ZOI were recorded, and a cytotoxicity test was carried out on human gingival fibroblasts. Results: Leaf extract not only produced a larger zone of inhibition against test pathogens but was also less cytotoxic than Amphotericin B and Fluconazole. Conclusion: Grapefruit leaf volatile oil extract had an antifungal effect on selected strains of candida and was less toxic than Amphotericin B and Fluconazole to the human gingival fibroblasts in vitro.

Natural Compounds with Antimicrobial Activities in Oral Candida Infections during Head and Neck Radiotherapy

“…It showed positive inhibition zones assay results, suggesting good antifungal activity against C. albicans [56, 57] (Table 2). Prasad and colleagues investigated the effect of a grapefruit leaf extract against Candida species [58]. The results showed that this EO extract was more active on C. albicans and C. krusei than the commercially available Amphotericin B [58] (Table 2).…”

“…Prasad and colleagues investigated the effect of a grapefruit leaf extract against Candida species [58]. The results showed that this EO extract was more active on C. albicans and C. krusei than the commercially available Amphotericin B [58] (Table 2).…”

Environmentally friendly rapid green synthesis of SeNPs using grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) leaves extract, and their antimicrobial potential

“…Citrus paradisi, a member of the Rutaceae family, is a perennial species. This plant contains narirutin and naringin, flavanones, ferulic and p-coumaric acids, vanillic, gallic acids phenolic acids, carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, essential oils, and ascorbic acid, which have numerous health benefits due to their pharmacologically active properties (Gupta et al, 2010;Anupama Prasad et al, 2023;Kumar et al, 2020) The work aims to synthesize selenium nanoparticles using an extract from Citrus paradisi plant leaves in an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and simple approach. The properties of the nanoparticles were characterised, and their antibacterial activities were investigated.…”