“…Moreover, Budmunchiamine A, isolated from A. amara, showed a concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive (S. aureus, S. faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa) and an antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans. In addition, it exhibited moderate antioxidant activity with an IC 50 value of 400 µg/mL, determined via the DPPH method, and a 67.8% inhibition of carotene/linoleic acid at 1000 µg/mL [21]. Budmunchiamine A significantly inhibited the growth of a wide range of seed-borne corn fungi, including aflatoxin from Aspergillus flavus, and increased the seedling vigor index in vivo at a lower concentration (1.0 g/kg) than the pithecolobin molecule (2.0 g/kg) [22].…”