Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Fractions of Plant Parts of Pterocarpus santalinoides

Abstract

Aims: The study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the leaves, seeds, bark, and root of Pterocarpus santalinoides plant.
 Study Design: Agar well diffusion and Agar well dilution methods were used to test the preliminary antimicrobial and minimum inhibitory/bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations respectively of Pterocarpus santalinoides plants.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu Campus, Nigeria, between February – October, 2017.
 Methodology: Primary extraction and fractionation of the plant parts were undertaken with methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Agar diffusion method for the primary antimicrobial screening on Muller-Hinton agar (bacteria) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (fungi) were used to assess the antimicrobial activities of the sixteen (16) samples on some microbial isolates namely Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Microsporon canis, and Trichophyton rubrum. The minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) and percentage inhibition diameter growth (PIDG) of the samples that yielded positive activity were also evaluated.
 Results: Twelve (12) samples exhibited inhibitory activity on at least one or more of the test isolates. The MIC range observed for the extracts and fractions that yielded positive activity was 12.5 – 100 mg/ml. The n-hexane fraction of the plant root indicated the best value of 12.5 mg/ml against M. canis. The best MBC/MFC value of 25 mg/ml was observed with the ethyl acetate fraction of the bark (against E. coli and M. canis) and the n-hexane fraction of the root (against M. canis). The result showed S. typhi to be the most sensitive organism to the metabolites of P. santalinoides. Extended-spectrum activity was observed with the ethyl acetate fraction of the bark against three (3) of the test isolates namely S. typhi, E. coli and M. canis. The determination of PIDG values for the test organisms against the plants’ extracts/fractions showed that crude methanol extract (28.57%) and ethyl-acetate fraction (0.14%) of the leaves, butanol fraction (0.14%) of the root (all against S. typhi) were the most potent test samples.
 Conclusion: The results indicated that the plant parts may have potential medicinal values and confirmed its use in traditional medicine.

Comparative Study of Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Different Parts from Pterocarpus Santalinoides l’Her. Ex. DC (Fabaceae)

“…e cause of this inflammatory reaction is tissue damage. is tissue injury induces the synthesis of histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes Ammon et al [25], platelet activating factor (PAF), cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) [13,26]. Hydroethanol extracts of the leaves, stem bark, and roots of P. santalinoides administered at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight variably inhibited plantar edema in rats.…”

Formulasi dan Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kapuk (Ceiba pentandra L.)

“…Alkaloid, flavonoid dan steroid yang diisolasi dari tumbuhan diketahui mempunyai aktivitas antimikroba terhadap organisme patogen. Ketiga golongan senyawa ini juga berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antidiare, anti inflamasi dan penghambat enzim [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] . Tanin umumnya memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang kuat terhadap ragi, jamur dan bakteri.…”

Antibacterial and Phytochemical Properties of Crude Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam., Pterocarpus santalinoides L’Herit DC and Ceiba pentandra L. on Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates in Nigeria

“…The leaves and the dye "santalin" sources are used in the treatment of skin infections, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as an astringent [37,38,39]. In an investigation involving the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the leaf, root, seed and bark of P. santalinoides, the results showed considerable levels of inhibitory activities against the tested microorganisms with exception of Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum which were not sensitive to the extracts [40]. Similarly, a study by Odeh and Tor-Anyiin [41] on the leaf extracts of P. santalinoides showed antibacterial activities especially the ethanolic extract which exhibited higher zone of inhibition.…”