Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and standardisation of hydro-methanol extract of underground tuber ofDioscorea alata

Abstract

Context The underground edible tuber of Dioscorea alata L. (Dioscoreaceae) is a functional food with high nutritive value and therapeutic potential. The tuber is known to possess antiinflammatory properties in traditional medicine. Objective The present study explores the anti-inflammatory activity and standardisation of D. alata tuber hydromethanol extract. Materials and methods Hydromethanol extract (70%) of D. alata tuber was chemically characterised using HPLC and GC-MS techniques. Murine lymphocytes were cultured for 48 h with six different concentrations (0-80 mg/mL) of the extract. The expression of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-a, COX-1, COX-2, and PGE 2 were evaluated using colorimetric and ELISA methods. Results Dioscorea alata extract inhibited the expression of NO and TNF-a with an IC 50 value of 134.51 ± 6.75 and 113.30 ± 7.44 mg/mL, respectively. The IC 50 values for inhibition of total COX, COX-1, COX-2 activities and PGE 2 level were 41.96 ± 3.07, 141.41 ± 8.99, 32.50 ± 1.69, and 186.34 ± 15.36 mg/mL, respectively. Inhibition of PGE 2 level and COX-2 activity was positively correlated (R 2 ¼ 0.9393). Gallic acid (GA), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (4HBA), syringic acid (SYA), p-coumaric acid (PCA), and myricetin (MY) were identified and quantified using HPLC. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 13 different phytocompounds such as hexadecanoic acid, methyl stearate, cinnamyl cinnamate, and squalene. Conclusion The D. alata extract significantly down-regulated the pro-inflammatory signals in a gradual manner compared with control (0 mg/mL). Different bioactive phytocompounds individually possessing anti-inflammatory activities contributed to the overall bioactivity of the D. alata tuber extract. ARTICLE HISTORY

Protective Effects of Dioscorea batatas Flesh and Peel Extracts against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice

“…Although recent studies have highlighted the anti-inflammatory effect of Dioscorea spp., the mechanism underlying the protective effect against ethanol-induced damage is incompletely understood [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. We examined the anti-inflammatory activity of DBD extracts in acute gastric ulcer in mice by evaluating the plasma levels of NO, IL-6, and TNFα ( Figure 5 ).…”

“…Dioscorea species, belonging to the family Dioscoreaceae, are mostly grown for their starchy tubers or medicinal properties [ 26 , 28 , 30 ]. DBD is known to have biologically beneficial effects including antioxidative, antidiabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-inflammatory activities [ 14 , 16 , 17 , 27 , 31 , 32 ].…”

The Dioscorea Genus (Yam)—An Appraisal of Nutritional and Therapeutic Potentials

“…The observed effect of yam powder was attributed to its potential to lower inflammatory cytokines as well as scavenging free radicals and up-regulating activity of carbonic anhydrase. The hydro-methanol extract of D. alata tubers which contain different bioactive phytocompound has also shown to significantly down-regulate the pro-inflammatory signals in a gradual manner compared to a reference control (µg/mL) [ 203 ]. Mollica et al [ 273 ] reported the anti-inflammatory activity of extract from D. trifida on food allergy induced by ovalbumin in mice.…”

Anti-inflammatory, wound healing and antioxidant potential of compounds from Dioscorea bulbifera L. bulbils

“…Regarding the other Dioscorea species, D. alata tuber extract has been reported to possess a potent anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of the NO and TNF-α expression [23]. D. batatas peel extract decreased NO production and proinflammatory protein expression and decreased the level of ROS [24].…”