Evaluation of Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Abstract

Aims. Sleep disorders have recently become a significant public health problem worldwide and have deleterious health consequences. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep-related breathing disorders. We aimed to evaluate anthropometric measurements, glucose metabolism, and cortisol levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods. A total of 50 patients with a body mass index ≥30 and major OSA symptoms were included in this study. Anthropometric measurements of the patients were recorded and blood samples were drawn for laboratory analysis. A 24-hour urine sample was also collected from each subject for measurement of 24-hour cortisol excretion. Patients were divided equally into 2 groups according to polysomnography results: control group with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) <5 (n = 25) and OSA group with an AHI ≥5 (n = 25). Results. Neck and waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, late-night serum cortisol, morning serum cortisol after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, and 24-hour urinary cortisol levels were significantly higher in OSA patients compared to control subjects. Newly diagnosed DM was more frequent in patients with OSA than control subjects (32% versus 8%, p = 0.034). There was a significant positive correlation between AHI and neck circumference, glucose, and late-night serum cortisol. Conclusions. Our study indicates that increased waist and neck circumferences constitute a risk for OSA regardless of obesity status. In addition, OSA has adverse effects on endocrine function and glucose metabolism.

Impaired Glucose Metabolisms of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes

“…Reciprocally, the change of cortisol and growth hormone levels may lead to impaired glucose metabolisms [1, 10]. With respect to alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity, some studies found an increased nocturnal pulsatile cortisol release which may result in insulin resistance [11, 12], while others reported a decreased HPA axis activity presenting lower morning cortisol [13]. Another study also demonstrated lower cortisol responses in OSA patients than subjects without OSA [14].…”

Disposable aptamer-sensor aided by magnetic nanoparticle enrichment for detection of salivary cortisol variations in obstructive sleep apnea patients

“…Following a short incubation for 60 seconds the solution was introduced into the sensing area of the device for electrochemical analysis. The sensing platform was used to measure cortisol levels in saliva samples collected from a pilot sample of subjects with high and low risks for Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition that can disrupt homeostatic mechanisms leading to hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis alterations and cortisol level dysregulation 32 . Polysomnography is the current gold standard to diagnose OSA, but it is expensive, time-consuming, and not ecologically valid 33 .…”

Neck circumference and cardiovascular outcomes: Insights from the Jackson Heart Study

“…The association between increasing NC and increased risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea has been well documented in the literature. [21][22][23] Additionally, OSA has been associated with increased risk of incident HF. [24] Additional research on potential mechanisms of the association between NC and HF is needed.…”