Evaluation of an electric turbo compound system for SI engines: A numerical approach

Abstract

In a medium term scenario hybrid powertrain and Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) downsizing represent the actual trend in vehicle technology to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emission. Concerning downsizing concept, to maintain a reasonable power level in small engines, the application of turbocharging is mandatory both for spark ignited (SI) and compression ignited (CI) engines. Following this aspect, the possibility to couple an electric drive to the turbocharger (electric turbo compound) to recover the residual energy of the exhaust gases is becoming more and more attractive, as demonstrated by several studies around the world and by the current application in the F1 Championship. The present paper shows the first numerical results of a research program in collaboration between the Universities of Pisa and Genoa. This first study is focused on the evaluation of the benefits resulting from the application of an ETC (Electric Turbo Compound) to a small twin-cylinder SI engine (900 cm3). Starting from the experimental maps of two turbines and one compressor, the complete model of a turbocharged engine was created using the AVL BOOST one-dimension code. The numerical activity then moves to the whole vehicle/powertrain modelling, considering three driving cycles and two different vehicle configurations, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed ETC solution. Results show that the adoption of ETC is not advantageous if used for a conventional turbocharger turbine, if the target is to optimize the overall efficiency in one specific operating point of the ICE, like in the case of range-extended electric vehicles. Besides, ETC can slightly improve the average overall efficiency when the ICE must provide variable power output, as in the case of conventional or hybrid vehicles. However, the major benefits coming from ETC are the boost range extension in the lowest engine rotational speed region and a possible reduction of turbo lag, which are key points in parallel-hybrid and especially in conventional vehicles. Concerning the whole vehicle/powertrain simulation, first results show that the ETC does not improve fuel economy of the smaller vehicle, especially when employed in urban cycles. The ETC is much more advantageous in the case of the larger vehicle, particularly when extra-urban roads or motorways are considered

Turbocompound Power Unit Modelling for a Supercapacitor-Based Series Hybrid Vehicle Application

“…Various works focus on thermal and mechanical losses of turbochargers [31,32]. Other works focus on turbine coupling with the ICE which has an outflow characterized by cyclic variation in amplitude [31,33]. These studies show that the energy provided to the turbine is higher than the amount of energy evaluated taking into account the average pressure values before and after the turbine.…”

Power recovery exemplification using turbocompound technique on diesel engines

“…Utilizando a configuração integrada para extrair potência elétrica, os autores [15] conseguiram obter até 10% de economia de combustível, com média e alta cargas, em rotações elevadas num motor Diesel. Para a mesma configuração, mas com motor a gasolina, autores [16] obtiveram até 4% de redução no consumo de combustível, dependendo das condições de operação do veículo e ressaltando, ainda, que para veículos de passeio pequenos e em ciclos urbanos os ganhos são pequenos, mas que para veículos grandes e em autoestradas, os ganhos de eficiência e consumo de combustível são consideráveis.…”

An Integrated Framework on Characterization, Control, and Testing of an Electrical Turbocharger Assist

“…Compared with other electrically assisted boosting systems, the ETA can achieve higher fuel efficiency than the electric supercharger [5]- [7] and electric turbocompounding [8]- [10]. The electric supercharger and the turbocharger work as a twostage system, with the EM and compressor connected in series.…”