Evaluation of an automatic sampling gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric instrument for continuous monitoring of trace anthropogenic gases

Maione, Michela; Arduini, Jgor; Mangani, Giovanna; Geniali, Annalisa

doi:10.1080/03067310310001626740

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The method involves using a custom built preconcentration system (Adsorption Desorption System (ADS)) to selectively retain halogenated compounds from 2 liter air samples. After rapid thermal desorption the target halocarbons are separated and quantified using a commercial gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC‐MS) system (Agilent 6890 GC, 5973 MS) [ Simmonds et al , 1995; Maione et al , 2004]. The enrichment technique allows quantitative retention of HFC‐152a (among ∼25 other halocarbons) from sampled air or calibration standard to yield an approximate limit of detection (S/N >3) of 0.25 ppt (10 –12 mole fraction).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of 1,1‐difluoroethane (HFC‐152a) at AGAGE and SOGE monitoring stations in 1994–2004 and derived global and regional emission estimates

Greally¹,

Manning²,

Reimann³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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Ground‐based in situ measurements of 1,1‐difluoroethane (HFC‐152a, CH3CHF2) which is regulated under the Kyoto Protocol are reported under the auspices of the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) and SOGE (System of Observation of halogenated Greenhouse gases in Europe) programs. Observations of HFC‐152a at five locations (four European and one Australian) over a 10 year period were recorded. The annual average growth rate of HFC‐152a in the midlatitude Northern Hemisphere has risen from 0.11 ppt/yr to 0.6 ppt/yr from 1994 to 2004. The Southern Hemisphere annual average growth rate has risen from 0.09 ppt/yr to 0.4 ppt/yr from 1998 to 2004. The 2004 average mixing ratio for HFC‐152a was 5.0 ppt and 1.8 ppt in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, respectively. The annual cycle observed for this species in both hemispheres is approximately consistent with measured annual cycles at the same locations in other gases which are destroyed by OH. Yearly global emissions of HFC‐152a from 1994 to 2004 are derived using the global mean HFC‐152a observations and a 12‐box 2‐D model. The global emission of HFC‐152a has risen from 7 Kt/yr to 28 Kt/yr from 1995 to 2004. On the basis of observations of above‐baseline elevations in the HFC‐152a record and a consumption model, regional emission estimates for Europe and Australia are calculated, indicating accelerating emissions from Europe since 2000. The overall European emission in 2004 ranges from 1.5 to 4.0 Kt/year, 5–15% of global emissions for 1,1‐difluoroethane, while the Australian contribution is negligible at 5–10 tonnes/year, <0.05% of global emissions.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of 1,1‐difluoroethane (HFC‐152a) at AGAGE and SOGE monitoring stations in 1994–2004 and derived global and regional emission estimates

Greally¹,

Manning²,

Reimann³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…In gaseous samples, the sampling and pre‐concentration can be performed in different ways depending on the characteristics of the volatile compounds and the purpose of the survey. For example, continuous and automated on‐line instruments are used for anthropogenic volatile halocarbon monitoring since these compounds are monitored on a global scale in different sampling sites due to their role in global change . Off‐line methods are preferable in grab sampling campaigns when long‐term concentration trends are assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Off‐line methods are preferable in grab sampling campaigns when long‐term concentration trends are assessed. In this case, samples are collected using plastic bags or metal canisters, transported to the laboratory and analysed using GC, by direct injection or more frequently in combination with a pre‐concentration step . Adsorption enrichment on solid adsorbing materials is a technique commonly used to obtain time‐weighted average concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odour‐causing compounds in air samples: Gas–liquid partition coefficients and determination using solid‐phase microextraction and GC with mass spectrometric detection

Godayol

Alonso

Sánchez

et al. 2013

J of Separation Science

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A quantification method based on solid-phase microextraction followed by GC coupled to MS was developed for the determination of gas-liquid partition coefficients and for the air monitoring of a group of odour-causing compounds that had previously been found in wastewater samples including dimethyl disulphide, phenol, indole, skatole, octanal, nonanal, benzothiazole and some terpenes. Using a divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fibre, adsorption kinetics have been studied to define an extraction time that would avoid coating saturation. It was found that for an extraction time of 10 min, external calibration could be performed in the range of 0.4-100 μg/m(3), with detection limits between 0.1 and 20 μg/m(3). Inter-day precision of the developed method was evaluated (n = 5) and RSD values between 12 and 24% were obtained for all compounds. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of air samples surrounding a wastewater treatment plant in Catalonia (Spain). In all air samples evaluated, dimethyl disulphide, limonene and phenol were detected, and the first two were the compounds that showed the highest partition coefficients.

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“…Every four hours, 18 halocarbons are analysed using 2 l of air. At the SOGE site of Monte Cimone a similar system as at Jungfraujoch and Zeppelin is in operation (Maione et al, 2004(Maione et al, , 2008. Differences are that sampling is performed every three hours with only 1 l of air.…”

Section: Measurement Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

et al. 2009

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Abstract.A new analytical inversion method has been developed to determine the regional and global emissions of long-lived atmospheric trace gases. It exploits in situ measurement data from three global networks and builds on backward simulations with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model. The emission information is extracted from the observed concentration increases over a baseline that is itself objectively determined by the inversion algorithm. The method was applied to two hydrofluorocarbons (HFC-134a, HFC-152a) and a hydrochlorofluorocarbon for the period January 2005 until March 2007. Detailed sensitivity studies with synthetic as well as with real measurement data were done to quantify the influence on the results of the a priori emissions and their uncertainties as well as of the observation and model errors. It was found that the global a posteriori emissions of HFC-134a, HFC-152a and HCFC-22 all increased from 2005 to 2006. Large increases (21%, 16%, 18%, respectively) from 2005 to 2006 were found for China, whereas the emission changes in North America (−9%, 23%, 17%, respectively) and Europe (11%, 11%, −4%, respectively) were mostly smaller and less systematic. For Europe, the a posteriori emissions of HFC-134a and HFC-152a were Correspondence to: A. Stohl (ast@nilu.no) slightly higher than the a priori emissions reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). For HCFC-22, the a posteriori emissions for Europe were substantially (by almost a factor 2) higher than the a priori emissions used, which were based on HCFC consumption data reported to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Combined with the reported strongly decreasing HCFC consumption in Europe, this suggests a substantial time lag between the reported time of the HCFC-22 consumption and the actual time of the HCFC-22 emission. Conversely, in China where HCFC consumption is increasing rapidly according to the UNEP data, the a posteriori emissions are only about 40% of the a priori emissions. This reveals a substantial storage of HCFC-22 and potential for future emissions in China. Deficiencies in the geographical distribution of stations measuring halocarbons in relation to estimating regional emissions are also discussed in the paper.

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Evaluation of an automatic sampling gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric instrument for continuous monitoring of trace anthropogenic gases

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Observations of 1,1‐difluoroethane (HFC‐152a) at AGAGE and SOGE monitoring stations in 1994–2004 and derived global and regional emission estimates

Observations of 1,1‐difluoroethane (HFC‐152a) at AGAGE and SOGE monitoring stations in 1994–2004 and derived global and regional emission estimates

Odour‐causing compounds in air samples: Gas–liquid partition coefficients and determination using solid‐phase microextraction and GC with mass spectrometric detection

An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

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