Evaluation of an Active Building Envelope window-system

Climate adaptive building shells: State-of-the-art and future challenges

“…Here, adaptability is either manifested via changes in thermophysical [86][87] or opaque optical properties [88], [89], or through the exchange of energy from one form to another [25], [90]. The majority of micro scale CABS however, is concerned with the light transmitting properties of materials.…”

“…In this context, both practitioners and researchers favour the use of several variations on the term 'adaptive', including: active [25], advanced [26], dynamic [27], intelligent [13], [28], [29], interactive [21], kinetic [30], responsive [31], smart [32], switchable [33], etc. Although all these expressions have a somewhat different meaning, they are often used interchangeably and in an ad hoc manner.…”

Application of improved grey relational projection method to evaluate sustainable building envelope performance

“…One of the main ways to diminish this consumption is to reduce the energy losses and have more energy-efficient building designs. Heat transfer through the building envelope is the principal component of building cooling/thermal loads, therefore energy is needed to compensate for thermal energy losses or gains that occur in building envelope systems [7].…”

Photovoltaic Systems and Applications

“…Bakos et al (2003) described the installation, technical characteristics, operation and economic evaluation of a grid-connected building integrated photovoltaic system (BIPV) and the technical and economical factors were examined using a computerized renewable energy technologies (RETs) assessment tool. Xu et al (2008) developed and evaluated the performance of an Active Building Envelope (ABE) systems, a new enclosure technology with the ability to regulate their temperature (cooling or heating) by interacting with the sun which integrates photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric (TE) Technologies. Chow et al (2003) described effectiveness of cooling by means of a natural ventilating air stream numerically based on two cooling options with an air gap between the PV panels and the external facade: (i) an open air gap with mixed convective heat transfer, and (ii) a solar chimney with buoyancy induced vertical flow and found that effective cooling of a PV panel can increase the electricity output of the solar cells.…”