Evaluation of Amniotic Multipotential Tissue Matrix to Augment Healing of Demineralized Bone Matrix in an Animal Calvarial Model

Abstract

Amniotic multipotential tissue matrix (AmnioMTM) is a membrane material derived from placental tissues and rich in growth factors that have been reported to have potential in healing bone. This study hypothesized that demineralized bone matrix (DBM) supplemented with AmnioMTM would accelerate healing and bone formation as compared with DBM alone in a critical size (10 mm) rat calvarial bone defect model. Five DBM grafts and 5 DBM supplemented with AmnioMTM grafts were implanted in a 10-mm critical sized defect in 10 rats (1 implant per rat). After 4 weeks, animals were euthanized and defects evaluated by microCT and histology. There were no statistical differences in microCT data for mineral density, percent bone fill, or bone surface to volume ratios between groups, though the bone surface to volume ratio for the amnio-supplemented group suggested increased osteoid activity as compared with the DBM alone group. Histological data also indicated active osteoid activity and induced bone formation in the center of defects implanted with AmnioMTM supplemented graft as compared with DBM graft alone suggesting some potential osteoinductive potential. However, there was no significant difference at the mean percent of newly mineralized bone in the DBM group defect as compared with the AmnioMTM supplemented graft material. These data suggest that while bone formation was not increased at this early time point, the increased osteoid activity and the induction of new bone in the middle of the defect by the AmnioMTM indicates that further study is needed to assess its potential benefit to bone healing and regeneration.

Combined Biomaterials: Amniotic Membrane and Adipose Tissue to Restore Injured Bone as Promoter of Calcification in Bone Regeneration: Preclinical Model

“…Commercially available collagen membranes are widely used in in vivo studies, associated with ceramic implant material [2], demineralized bone matrix [3], and growth factors [4]. The association of ceramic and membrane with Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) demonstrated to favor earlier bone deposition [5].…”

Use of Amniotic Membrane and Its Derived Products for Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review

“…These results were similar to those found in the literature for conventional lumbar interbody fusion procedure. Konofaos et al investigated the potential of another commercialized preparation, which is the AmnioMTM®, to promote bone healing of rat calvarial defects (Konofaos et al, 2015 ). This product is an injectable gel obtained after grinding cryopreserved amnion.…”

“…Few studies investigated the use of commercialized AM-derived products for bone repair (Starecki et al, 2014 ; Konofaos et al, 2015 ; Nunley et al, 2015 ). Pre-clinical studies showed inconclusive results and the only clinical trial was conducted without any control group.…”

Combined Biomaterials: Amniotic Membrane and Adipose Tissue to Restore Injured Bone as Promoter of Calcification in Regeneration. Preclinical Model.

“…Strategies may be necessary to guide or accelerate the process, increasing bone quantity or quality [2]. There is intense research in bone bioengineering, seeking to overcome the limitations observed in non-healing defects and alternative methods to autologous bone grafts, in order to produce bone substitutes with the same properties of this gold standard [3]. Osteoconduction is the process of perivascular tissue, precursor, and osteoprogenitor cell ingrowth, from the bony bed into implanted frameworks.…”

“…The application of membranes is indicated for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), to isolate the bone defect from other tissues, and for bone reconstruction [10]. Commercially available collagen membranes are widely used in in vivo studies, associated with ceramic implant material [11], demineralized bone matrix [3], growth factors [12], and cells [13]. The membranes covering bone defects in calvaria provided stability for ceramic tricalcium phosphate (TCP) inserted into the defect, resulting in higher bone amount and better mechanical properties [11].…”