Evaluation of alcoholic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of bisphenol a in water samples using an experimental design

Abstract

Summary. Alcoholic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (AA-DLLME) is used for the extraction, purification, and determination of bisphenol A in water samples by HPLC-UV. 1-octanol and methanol were selected as extraction and dispersive solvents of AA-DLLME procedure. The effects of several parameters of the AA-DLLME procedure (such as volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, amount of salt in sample solution, and extraction time) were investigated by a full factorial design. Then, the levels of significant factors were optimized using a central composite facecentered. The optimum conditions were obtained at 158 μL of extraction solvent, 500 μL of dispersive solvent, 1 min extraction time, and addition of 22% (w/v) of NaCl to the sample solution. Under optimum condition, the extraction recovery and the enrichment factor were determined, which were 91% and 65%, respectively. At these conditions, the limit of detection and the linearity were 0.10 and 1-100 μg L −1 , respectively. The relative standard deviations for intra-and inter-day of extraction of bisphenol A (BPA) were 6.98% and 9.80%, respectively (for five measurements). Finally, the method was successfully applied for the determination of BPA in environmental water samples. In conclusion, it can be stated that the applied method is fast, simple, and environmentally friendly.

The Effects of Parameters on the Efficiency of DLLME in Extracting of PAHs from Vegetable Samples

“…Furthermore, the previous studies stated that the presence of the alkyl groups and a long carbon chain [31,32] reduced the polarity of the molecules. Fatemi et al [33] reported that 2-ethyl-1-hexanol was able to extract PAHs from the water sample with high extraction efficiency. Furthermore, the viscosity could be reduced by adding solvents such as acetone and methanol [34].…”

Pre‐concentration of trace amount of bisphenol A in water samples by palm leaf ash and determination with high‐performance liquid chromatography

“…Among these methods, LLE is an exhaustive traditional preparation technique used to extract and preconcentrate different analytes from environmental water samples. SPE includes advantages of simplification of purification process, high enrichment factor and recovery, low consumption of organic eluents, short extraction time, low cost and ease of automation and operation, and has gradually replaced liquid-liquid extraction and other procedures of extraction and preconcentration (Balinova et al, 2007;Zhou et al, 2006;Rykowska et al, 2004Rykowska et al, , 2005Inoue et al, 2002;Cai et al, 2003a, b;Jiang et al, 2007;Fatemi et al, 2014;Kawaguchi et al, 2004;Maragou et al, 2006;Vílchez et al, 2001;Wen et al, 2006;Mei et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2009;Moral et al, 2005;Hoa et al, 2005).…”