Evaluation of adsorptive desulfurization performance and economic applicability comparison of activated carbons prepared from various carbon sources

Chen, Kun; Li, Weining; Biney, Bernard Wiafe; Li, Zhuo; Shen, Jiahua; Wang, Zongxian

doi:10.1039/d0ra07862j

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Most of the solid adsorbents present extensive surface areas, with suitable pore volumes containing appropriate active sites, and must contain structural robustness and stability. Further, these materials must be easily regenerated, allowing their use for consecutive ADN and ADS cycles under conditions of mild temperature and pressure [53]. The adsorptive process presents the advantage of absence of chemical reactions, ensuring the absence of impurities from by-products in fuels and safeguarding the physicochemical properties of treat fuels.…”

Section: Adsorptive Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Technologies Conciliating Desulfurization and Denitrogenation to Prepare Clean Fuels

Faria,

Silva,

Mirante

et al. 2024

Catalysts

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The removal of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds present in fuels is and will be crucial to accomplish actual strict regulations to avoid environmental and humanity health adversities. The conventional hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation processes conducted by refineries are limited due to severe operating conditions, and even more importantly, they are inefficient for simultaneously removing nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds in fuels. On the other hand, non-hydrogen technologies are beneficial in terms of mild operating conditions, and during the last two decades, some successful works have shown that these can be highly effective at efficiently removing both sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds from liquid fuels. For more than four decades, extensive research (thousands of publications since the 1980s) has been dedicated to developing remote desulfurization technologies without taking into consideration the presence of a complex fuel matrix, or even taking into account the presence of other harmful pollutant elements, such as nitrogen. Even more recently, several effective non-hydrogen denitrogenation processes have been reported without considering the presence of sulfur compounds. This review paper is a reflection on the limited work that has been successfully performed to simultaneously remove sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds from fuels. An evaluation of different methodologies (adsorption, extraction, oxidative (photo)catalysis, ultrasound-assisted oxidation) is presented here. Furthermore, this review intends to define new future strategies that will allow the design of more suitable and economical technologies, effectively conciliating desulfurization and denitrogenation processes to produce more sustainable fuels.

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Section: Adsorptive Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Technologies Conciliating Desulfurization and Denitrogenation to Prepare Clean Fuels

Faria,

Silva,

Mirante

et al. 2024

Catalysts

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“…Petroleum coke (petcoke) is one of the waste carbon materials that has been extensively studied to prepare AC. [7][8][9][10][11] A byproduct of the upgrading of heavy oil and bitumen, petcoke is mainly (>80 wt.%) fixed carbon but contains many other elements, including sulphur (up to $7 wt.%) in the form of thiophene (50-55 wt.%), sulphides or sulphoxides (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) wt.%), or sulphates (10-20 wt.%). [12][13][14] The C S bond is weaker than the C C bond, and is broken first during chemical activation, as shown by Lee and Choi through FTIR analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of potassium during chemical activation of petroleum coke: Electron microscopy evidence and links to phase behaviour

Montes

Xiao

et al. 2022

Can J Chem Eng

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In this study, direct evidence for chemical penetration into petroleum coke particles during activation is presented. In addition, the porosity development was directly related to the sulphur loss and phase behaviour of the species present.Petroleum coke (petcoke, 6 wt.% sulphur) was activated with KOH and NaOH at temperatures between 400 and 800 C. The C S bonds were broken before 400 C in the presence of KOH and before 500 C in the presence of NaOH. Electron microscopy analysis of cross-sectioned and ultramicrotomed samples revealed that sulphur was still present within the particles and that the hydroxide activation agents had penetrated to the centre of the particles (90-150 μm). After heating to 800 C and washing with a weak acid aqueous solution, essentially all the sulphur was removed, as was any remaining chemical agent. The characterization results, phase diagrams, and complementary experiments with carbonate chemical agents or steam suggest that, during heating, a molten phase formed around the petcoke particles. The composition of this molten phase changed as activation proceeded and both sulphur and ash components were liberated from the petcoke. This better understanding of the activation process will improve the efficiency of preparing activated carbon.

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“…9 Waste polyurethane foam is a widely used insulation material with large global consumption and waste production. 10 However, its hardness and low density make it difficult to transport, so pyrolysis after crushing seems to be a better solution. Therefore, carbonization of waste plastics into high-value carbon materials through appropriate methods could become a potentially feasible method to reuse plastic waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of high-performance supercapacitors from waste polyurethane-based hierarchical porous carbon

Wang

et al. 2022

New J. Chem.

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Evaluation of adsorptive desulfurization performance and economic applicability comparison of activated carbons prepared from various carbon sources

Abstract: Selection and preparation method of a low-cost, environmentally-friendly desulfurization adsorbent raw material.

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

Advanced Technologies Conciliating Desulfurization and Denitrogenation to Prepare Clean Fuels

Advanced Technologies Conciliating Desulfurization and Denitrogenation to Prepare Clean Fuels

Distribution of potassium during chemical activation of petroleum coke: Electron microscopy evidence and links to phase behaviour

Preparation of high-performance supercapacitors from waste polyurethane-based hierarchical porous carbon

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