Cu@N-C with the Cu particles encapsulated in N-doped carbon shells, which was activated by CO2 treatment, is an excellent electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction.

In this research note, we revisit the pseudo-second-order model for adsorption kinetics, its assumptions, and its application to simulated, random, and published data. In particular, a widely used linear form of the pseudo-second-order modelplotting t/q t against tis shown to result in spurious correlations for typical adsorption experimental data. Depending on the range of data used, data from pseudo-first-order and pseudo-third-order models can also appear to be well-fit by the pseudo-second-order model. Inspection of the residual errors, however, indicates that the errors are not randomly distributed, as they should be. Based on this study, it is recommended to always verify the assumptions of a model, fit the data with the nonlinear form of the model equation, and inspect the residual plot to determine the goodness of fit.

Summary Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that contribute to plant resistance against herbivores. Their formation is controlled precisely by multiple genetic and environmental signals. Previous studies have shown that microRNA319 (miR319) and gibberellin (GA) signaling are involved in trichome development in Arabidopsis, but little is known about their interaction between these factors. Here we reported that the miR319a/TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) module participates in trichome initiation synergistically with GA signaling in Populus tomentosa. We demonstrated that overexpression of miR319a decreased transcription levels of its targeted TCPs and significantly elevated leaf trichome density in transgenic poplar, resulting in decreasing insect herbivory. Conversely, repressing miR319a by short tandem target mimics (STTM) elevated TCP expression levels and decreased trichome density in transgenic plants. The trichome phenotype of 35S:miR319a plants could be abolished by introducing a miR319a‐resistant form of TCP19. Furthermore, the miR319a‐targeted TCP19 interacted directly with REPRESSOR OF ga1‐3 (RGA), a downstream repressor of GA signaling. TCP19 and RGA synergistically inhibited the GLABROUS1 (GL1)‐induced expression of trichome marker gene GLABRA2 (GL2), thereby repressing leaf trichome initiation. Our results provide an insight into the molecular mechanism by which miR319/TCP19 module and GA signaling coordinated regulating trichome initiation in P. tomentosa.

Chiral carboxylic acids are important compounds because of their prevalence in pharmaceuticals,n atural products and agrochemicals.A symmetric hydrogenation of a,bunsaturated carboxylic acids has been widely recognized as one of the most efficient synthetic approaches to afford such compounds.Although related asymmetric hydrogenation of diand trisubstituted unsaturated acids with noble metals is well established, asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging tetrasubstituted a,b-unsaturated carboxylic acids is rarely reported. We demonstrate enantioselective hydrogenation of cyclic and acyclic tetrasubstituted a,b-unsaturated carboxylic acids via cobalt(II) catalysis.T his protocol showed broad substrate scope and gave chiral carboxylic acids in good yields with excellent enantiocontrol (up to 98 %y ield and 99 %e e). Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies support aCo II catalytic cycle involving migratory insertion and s-bond metathesis processes.DFT calculations reveal that enantioselectivity may originate from the steric effect between the phenyl groups of the ligand and the substrate.

Polymer–ceramic composite electrolytes are promising for the application of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and improved safety. In this work, we employ temperature-dependent 7Li and 19F NMR to examine the chemical environment and the dynamics of Li+ cation and triflate anion in poly­(ethylene oxide) (PEO)–lithium triflate (LiTf) polymer electrolyte and a composite electrolyte containing 55 vol % doped lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LICGC). The line shape analysis and spin–lattice relaxation (T 1) measurements suggest both the Li+ cations and the Tf– anions reside in two distinct environment: a mobile environment and an immobile environment. In the semicrystalline state, a large ratio (>70%) of immobile Li+ and Tf– is observed. In the melt state, the ratio of mobile cations and anions significantly increases. With the presence of LICGC ceramic, an increased ratio of immobile Li+ and Tf– and reduced mobility of the mobile components are observed, indicating that the ceramic negatively impacts the transport of both the cations and the anions. NMR characterizations are corroborated by conductivity results, which reveal that the intrinsic ionic conductivity of the polymer phase of the composite electrolyte was only 0.15 of the ceramic-free polymer electrolyte at room temperature. These results shed light on the challenges inherent to composite electrolytes with the goal of achieving both enhanced Li+ transference number and ionic conductivity.