“…One layer of homogenous isotropic soil and three vertical sheet piles under the structure were considered. El Molla et al [6] studied the head loss along vertical sheet piles fixed at the ends of a heading up structure's apron using SEEP2D model. Abdelaal et al [7] investigated the effect of using vertical sheet piles under the apron of a heading-up structure on the efficiency of the apron's horizontal length using SEEP2D for a single homogeneous soil layer.…”