Evaluation of Acrosome Reactivity Using the Acrobeads Test in Varicocele Patients: Findings Before and After Treatment

Assessment Of Sperm Quality Analyzer Ii B: Comparison With Manual Semen Analysis And Casa

“…There are some available sperm function tests including sperm penetration test, Acrobeads test, and hypoosmotic swelling test [3,5,11]. Accurate determination of the motion characteristics of spermatozoa is also important for the diagnosis of male factor infertility.…”

Sperm Nuclear Vacuoles in relation to Acrosome Reactions and Sperm Motility

“…These results suggest that some sperm head vacuoles are produced at earlier stages of sperm maturation and that normal acrosome reactions are more likely to be induced in spermatozoa without large nuclear vacuoles. In this context, the Acrobeads test can be used to evaluate acrosome reactions in the sperm using a monoclonal antibody that binds to the anterior portion of acrosome-reacted sperm [23, 24]. The results of tests using Acrobeads show good reproducibility and are correlated with the results of sperm penetration assays using zona-free hamster eggs and IVF [24, 33, 34].…”

“…Male factors were generally screened based on medical history, physical examinations, conventional semen analyses, blood tests, including assessments of sex hormones and measurements of the testicular volume using an orchidometer, scrotal ultrasonography, and transrectal ultrasonography. Varicocele was diagnosed during scrotal examinations with the patient in a standing position and was graded as previously described [23]. Patients were excluded from this study if their final sperm concentration was <40×10 6 /mL after swim-up selection.…”

“…The Acrobeads test (FUSO Pharmaceutical Industries, Osaka, Japan) was performed according to the previously described method [23, 27] using immunobeads coated with MH61 monoclonal antibodies (MH61-beads) [28], which binds to the anterior portion of acrosome-reacted sperm. One hundred microliters of prepared sperm suspension was divided into a 96-well tissue culture plate (Corning, Corning, NY, USA).…”

“…In addition, sperm head vacuoles are thought to be produced at earlier stages of sperm maturation and that normal acrosome reactions are more likely to be induced in spermatozoa without large nuclear vacuoles [22]. In this context, the Acrobeads test can be used to evaluate acrosome reactions in sperm using a monoclonal antibody that binds to the anterior portion of acrosome-reacted sperm [23, 24]. …”