Evaluation of a Vitamin D Screening and Treatment Protocol Using a Seasonal Calculator in Athletes

Hollabaugh, William L.; Meirick, Paul; Matarazzo, Chris P; Burston, Alda M.; Camery, Megan E; Ferrill-Moseley, Kimberly A; Bley, Jordan A.; Pennings, Jacquelyn S.; Fitch, Robert Warne; Tanner, S. Bobo; Karpinos, Ashley Rowatt

doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000934

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…For example, supplementing with 2500 IU•day −1 was thought to be an appropriate dose for adolescent swimmers [11], but upon consuming this amount, serum 25(OH)D concentrations either increased (n = 2), maintained (n = 2), or declined (n = 1). Such variable responses to this dose may have occurred for numerous reasons, including some swimmers (a) altering their dietary vitamin D and calcium intakes [31]; (b) changing their habitual UVB exposure (e.g., tanning beds) [32]; and/or (c) not adhering to their reported supplement intake [12]. However, these potential explanations are all speculative given that these confounding factors were not monitored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of vitamin D and the risks of deficiency have become well acknowledged in recent years, with a large proportion of athletes (72-97%) now recognising the possible health and performance benefits of supplementation [12][13][14]. Despite greater educational provisions, however, it is currently unclear whether swimmers now adhere to supplement recommendations, or if widespread seasonal declines in serum 25(OH)D still exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Observation of the Vitamin D Status in Highly Trained Adolescent Swimmers during the UK Autumn and Winter Months

Newbury,

Brown,

Cole

et al. 2023

Physiologia

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The purpose of this research was two-fold: (a) to observe whether highly trained adolescent swimmers abide to vitamin D supplement recommendations; and (b) to monitor changes in circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) that occur between the autumn and winter months. Twenty swimmers (age: 17 ± 2 years) from a UK high-performance swimming club volunteered to complete two blood spot cards to determine their 25(OH)D concentration: the first in an autumn training phase (October) and the second during winter training (January). All swimmers were advised to consume vitamin D3 supplements across the assessment period; however, only 50% of swimmers adhered to this recommendation. Resultantly, a winter decline in 25(OH)D was observed in non-supplementing swimmers (79.6 ± 25.2 to 52.6 ± 15.1 nmol·L−1, p = 0.005), with swimmers either displaying an ‘insufficient’ (60%) or ‘deficient’ (40%) vitamin D status. In comparison, a greater maintenance of 25(OH)D occurred in supplementing swimmers (92.0 ± 25.5 to 97.2 ± 38.3 nmol·L−1, p = 0.544), although variable outcomes occurred at the individual level (four increased, three maintained, three declined). These findings highlight the possible risks of vitamin D insufficiency during the winter for swimmers in the UK, possibly requiring standardised supplement practices. Moreover, alternative educational strategies may be required for swimmers to transfer knowledge to practice in order to improve supplement adherence in future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Observation of the Vitamin D Status in Highly Trained Adolescent Swimmers during the UK Autumn and Winter Months

Newbury,

Brown,

Cole

et al. 2023

Physiologia

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“…Given its intracellular role, a deficiency of vitamin D may impart wide-reaching effects. Ensuring adequate vitamin D levels, particularly at times of intensified training or low UVB exposure, is warranted, and blood monitoring of vitamin D status ensures any supplementation can be appropriate and minimises the risk of toxicity [193,194]. Vitamin D status may also improve performance indirectly by reducing the risk and severity of upper respiratory illness, improving muscle function and quality, and working synergistically with calcium to decrease the risk and prevalence of stress fractures [194][195][196].…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiological Requirements of and Nutritional Recommendations for Equestrian Riders

Best,

Williams,

Pearce

2023

Nutrients

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Equestrian sport is under-researched within the sport science literature, creating a possible knowledge vacuum for athletes and support personnel wishing to train and perform in an evidence-based manner. This review aims to synthesise available evidence from equitation, sport, and veterinary sciences to describe the pertinent rider physiology of equestrian disciplines. Estimates of energy expenditure and the contribution of underpinning energy systems to equestrian performance are used to provide nutrition and hydration recommendations for competition and training in equestrian disciplines. Relative energy deficiency and disordered eating are also considered. The practical challenges of the equestrian environment, including competitive, personal, and professional factors, injury and concussion, and female participation, are discussed to better highlight novelty within equestrian disciplines compared to more commonly studied sports. The evidence and recommendations are supported by example scenarios, and future research directions are outlined.

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“…Vitamin D (VitD) and its effects on infections from viruses have been of interest. Many athletes have low serum levels of VitD (1). VitD plays a vital role in an athlete’s health, training, and performance (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Vitamin D Supplementation

Trojian¹

2022

Curr Sports Med Rep

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) has affected many people. Vaccination and masks have significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Vitamin D (VitD) and its effects on infections from viruses have been of interest. Many athletes have low serum levels of VitD (1). VitD plays a vital role in an athlete's health, training, and performance (2). The vital role includes athletic bone health, besides immune health (3).The antimicrobial protein, cathelicidin LL-37, is increased with correction of low VitD over 6 to 8 wk. Cathelicidin exerts antiviral activity against respiratory viruses, disrupting the viral envelope (4). VitD has received notoriety as potentially protective against the COVID-19 infection since it may be associated with immunocompetence, inflammation, aging, and other diseases connected to the outcomes of COVID-19. In the Nurses' Health Study II, performed from May 2020 to 2021, they shoulder evidence that higher predicted circulating VitD, in the form of VitD 25 hydroxy concentration, had a lower risk of . In a review of COVID-19 and VitD, the author showed that people with low VitD levels have more severe COVID-19 symptoms than those with serum levels over 50 ng•mL −1 of VitD (6). People with low VitD are not the healthiest patients, so they may get sicker with COVID-19.Researchers have pointed out that VitD does not work without binding to the VitD receptor (VDR) and VitD binding protein (DBP). The activated immune system cells express the intracellular VDR, which suggests a potential role for VitD as a localized endogenous modulator of immune function. In addition, VDR has genetic variations that may affect the responsiveness to VitD levels. DBP, a serum 458-amino acid protein, is the primary VitD carrier. It has considerable polymorphism with three common alleles (7). Researchers have noted that DBP-2 can have lower VitD, which may make certain patients more prone to a more severe course of . Another researcher noted a negative connection between another version of DBP, the DBP1 allele, and COVID-19 prevalence and mortality (9). More research on VDR and DBP is needed to determine their effects on COVID-19 and other health processes.

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Evaluation of a Vitamin D Screening and Treatment Protocol Using a Seasonal Calculator in Athletes

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

An Observation of the Vitamin D Status in Highly Trained Adolescent Swimmers during the UK Autumn and Winter Months

An Observation of the Vitamin D Status in Highly Trained Adolescent Swimmers during the UK Autumn and Winter Months

The Physiological Requirements of and Nutritional Recommendations for Equestrian Riders

COVID-19 and Vitamin D Supplementation

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