Evaluation of a New Laboratory Test Measuring Plasma (1-3)-^|^beta;-D-glucan in the Diagnosis of Candida Deep Mycosis

Hiyoshi, M; Tagawa, Shinichi; Hashimoto, Shigemi; Sakamoto, Chikahiko; Tatsumi, Noriyuki

doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.73.1

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is due, in part, to the ability of these carbohydrate ligands to activate proinflammatory and immunoregulatory signaling pathways (NF-B and NF-interleukin 6 [NF-IL-6]) in immune competent cells by interacting with specific receptors (1-3, 26, 48). Recent data indicate that glucans are released from fungal cell walls into the systemic circulation of patients with systemic or deep fungal infections (14,23,28). It is not clear whether these circulating fungal polymers induce any of the sequelae associated with fungal infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Normal Human Fibroblasts Express Pattern Recognition Receptors for Fungal (1→3)-β-d-Glucans

Kougias¹,

Wei²,

Rice³

et al. 2001

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucans are also released from the microbial cell wall as exopolymers (14,23,28,37). Numerous studies have demonstrated that (133)-␤-D-glucans will activate a wide array of innate host defenses (4,50).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Human Fibroblasts Express Pattern Recognition Receptors for Fungal (1→3)-β-d-Glucans

Kougias¹,

Wei²,

Rice³

et al. 2001

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucans are also released or actively secreted from the cell wall as exopolymers (1,5,7). Of greater significance, glucans are reported to be released into the blood of patients with fungal infections (1,5,7). Since glucans are evolutionarily conserved in microorganisms and are not produced by higher species, including humans, the presence of fungal cell wall glucan in the blood is presumed to be indicative of the presence of a pathogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Glucan Levels Are Not Specific for Presence of Fungal Infections in Intensive Care Unit Patients

Digby

Kalbfleisch

Glenn

et al. 2003

Clin Vaccine Immunol

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fungal infections in the critically ill patient are difficult to diagnose and are associated with a high mortality rate. A major obstacle to managing fungal infection is the lack of a reliable clinical assay that will rapidly identify patients with fungal sepsis. Glucans are polymers of glucose that are found in the cell wall of fungi and certain bacteria. Glucans are also released from the fungal cell wall into the extracellular milieu. Several studies have reported that detection of fungal glucan in serum or plasma is useful in the diagnosis of mycoses. However, recent studies have questioned the clinical utility of this assay. In this study, we examined serum glucan levels in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and attempt to correlate serum glucan levels with the presence of fungal infection. Following attainment of informed consent, serum was harvested from 46 ICU patients with confirmed fungal infections, confirmed bacterial infections, or no evidence of infection. Sera from eight healthy volunteers served as control. Serum glucan was assayed with a glucan-specific Limulus assay. Serum glucan levels were increased (69.6 ؎ 17 pg/ml; P < 0.001) in ICU patients versus the normal (11.5 ؎ 1.3 pg/ml) and noninfected ICU (27.4 ؎ 17 pg/ml) controls. However, serum glucan levels were not different in patients with confirmed fungal infections versus those with confirmed bacterial infections. Thus, serum glucan levels did not show a correlation with the presence of fungal infections and do not appear to be specific for fungal infections. However, the assay may be useful as a negative predictor of infection.

show abstract

“…Those investigators also reported that modulation of cellular activity by glucan did not depend on internalization. However, they did not establish the mechanisms of internalization, nor did they investigate internalization/trafficking of water-soluble glucans, such as those that circulate in the plasma of patients with active fungal infections (Mori et al, 1997;Nakamura et al, 1998;Hiyoshi et al, 1999;Digby et al, 2003) or the soluble glucans that have been investigated as biopharmaceuticals (Aarsaether et al, 2006). In addition, it is well known that some fungal pathogens, whose cell walls are rich in glucans, are capable of parasitizing and, indeed, living within macrophages where they avoid lysosomal degradation and intracellular killing (Bodey, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Glucan Is Internalized and Trafficked to the Golgi Apparatus in Macrophages via a Clathrin-Mediated, Lipid Raft-Regulated Mechanism

Ozment

Goldman²,

Kalbfleisch³

et al. 2012

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glucans are natural product carbohydrates that stimulate immunity. Glucans are internalized by the pattern recognition receptor, Dectin-1. Glucans were thought to be trafficked to phagolysosomes, but this is unproven. We examined the internalization and trafficking of soluble glucans in macrophages. Incubation of macrophages with glucan resulted in internalization of Dectin-1 and glucan. Inhibition of clathrin blocked internalization of the Dectin-1/glucan complex. Lipid raft depletion resulted in decreased Dectin levels and glucan uptake. Once internalized, glucans colocalized with early endosomes at 0 to 15 min, with the Golgi apparatus at 15 min to 24 h, and with Dectin-1 immediately (0 h) and again later (15 min-24 h). Glucans did not colocalize with lysosomes at any time interval examined. We conclude that the internalization of Dectin-1/ glucan complexes in macrophages is mediated by clathrin and negatively regulated by lipid rafts and/or caveolin-1. Upon internalization, soluble glucans are trafficked via endosomes to the Golgi apparatus, not lysosomes.

show abstract

Evaluation of a New Laboratory Test Measuring Plasma (1-3)-^|^beta;-D-glucan in the Diagnosis of Candida Deep Mycosis

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Normal Human Fibroblasts Express Pattern Recognition Receptors for Fungal (1→3)-β-d-Glucans

Normal Human Fibroblasts Express Pattern Recognition Receptors for Fungal (1→3)-β-d-Glucans

Serum Glucan Levels Are Not Specific for Presence of Fungal Infections in Intensive Care Unit Patients

Soluble Glucan Is Internalized and Trafficked to the Golgi Apparatus in Macrophages via a Clathrin-Mediated, Lipid Raft-Regulated Mechanism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About