“…Valverde (1973) has reviewed t h e r e s e a r c h on t r a n s f e r of t r a i n i n g from f l i g h t simulator t o a i r c r a f t and concluded t h a t t h e sometimes c o n t r a d i c t o r y res u l t s may have been due t o v a r i a b l e s which were not assessed i n t h e experiments. However, t h e r e seems t o be a preponderance of evidence now t h a t when used i n well-designed t r a i n i n g programs by f l i g h t i n s t r u c t o r s who are highly motivated, simulators and even mockups are very e f f e c t i v e t r a i n i n g adjuncts (Caro, 1971(Caro, , 1972Creelman, 1959;Flexman, Matheny, and Brown, 1950;Flexman, Roscoe, Williams, and Williges, 1972;Flexman, Townsend, and Ornstein, 1954;Ornstein, Nichols, and Flexman, 1954; Payne, Dougherty, Hasler, Skeen, Brown, and W i l l i a m s , 1954; Roscoe, 1971, 1973;and Prophet and Boyd, 1970).…”