How Much Should You Pay for that Box?

Hopkins, Charles O.

doi:10.1177/154193127401800101

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Although it is difficult to find objective measures for CIE product testing, marksmanship provides some insight into how that product will integrate and effect operational performance when fielded (Bensel, 1997;Carbone, Carlton, Stierli, & Orr, 2014;Johnson & Kobrick, 1997;Johnson, McMenemy & Dauphinee, 1990). However, marksmanship testing and live fire range operations can be costly and dangerous (Hopkins, 1975;Schendel et al, 1985). Marksmanship simulator systems can provide a more cost effective and efficient means of evaluating CIE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of a Marksmanship Simulator as a Tool for Clothing and Individual Equipment Evaluation

Brown

McNamara²,

Choi³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Marksmanship performance has traditionally been used in the military to assess individual and unit operational readiness. In more recent years, marksmanship simulator trainers have been utilized to reduce cost and time for weapons handling training and skills retention. However, they have not been readily utilized for product and equipment evaluation purposes. This study assesses the sensitivity of the marksmanship simulator for use during clothing and individual equipment (CIE) product evaluation and systems integration. Marksmanship performance of eleven participants was assessed during live fire and simulator shooting scenarios while in firing positions and protective equipment that are known to have effects on performance. The consistency of the performance and performance differences observed across firing configurations and firing positions in this within-subjects study suggests that marksmanship simulator trainers are sensitive enough to provide valuable insights on performance interferences during CIE test and evaluation, while saving time and resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of a Marksmanship Simulator as a Tool for Clothing and Individual Equipment Evaluation

Brown

McNamara²,

Choi³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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“…However, a direct causal relationship between fidelity of the training device and its transfer effectiveness has not as yet been documented (Hopkins, 1975). The demand for high fidelity can be directly related, however, to the rapidly escalating cost to purchase, maintain, and operate the trainer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Transfer of a Computer-Assisted Instrument Procedures Trainer to Flight

Finnegan

1977

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting

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A simple, comparatively inexpensive instrument flight trainer based on computer-assisted instruction (CAl) technology was compared with more traditional devices in training 48 private pilots to fly a standard instrument procedure.Groups of students were trained using either (a) CAl and aircraft training, (b) ground school, ground-based trainer and aircraft training, or (c) ground school and aircraft training. Both the CAl system and the general aviation flight trainer were found to provide similar magnitude of transfer to the aircraft.The results suggest that substantial cost benefit could be derived by substituting such CAl training for more costly higher fidelity training in the flight training curriculum.

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Achieving interface and environment fidelity in the Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Surgical Trainer

Chellali

Mentis

Miller

et al. 2016

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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Virtual reality trainers are educational tools with great potential for laparoscopic surgery. They can provide basic skills training in a controlled environment and free of risks for patients. They can also offer objective performance assessment without the need for proctors. However, designing effective user interfaces that allow the acquisition of the appropriate technical skills on these systems remains a challenge. This paper aims to examine a process for achieving interface and environment fidelity during the development of the Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Surgical Trainer (VBLaST). Two iterations of the design process were conducted and evaluated. For that purpose, a total of 42 subjects participated in two experimental studies in which two versions of the VBLaST were compared to the accepted standard in the surgical community for training and assessing basic laparoscopic skills in North America, the FLS box-trainer. Participants performed 10 trials of the peg transfer task on each trainer. The assessment of task performance was based on the validated FLS scoring method. Moreover, a subjective evaluation questionnaire was used to assess the fidelity aspects of the VBLaST relative to the FLS trainer. Finally, a focus group session with expert surgeons was conducted as a comparative situated evaluation after the first design iteration. This session aimed to assess the fidelity aspects of the early VBLaST prototype as compared to the FLS trainer. The results indicate that user performance on the earlier version of the VBLaST resulting from the first design iteration was significantly lower than the performance on the standard FLS box-trainer. The comparative situated evaluation with domain experts permitted us to identify some issues related to the visual, haptic and interface fidelity on this early prototype. Results of the second experiment indicate that the performance on the second generation VBLaST was significantly improved as compared to the first generation and not significantly different from that of the standard FLS box-trainer. Furthermore, the subjects rated the fidelity features of the modified VBLaST version higher than the early version. These findings demonstrate the value of the comparative situated evaluation sessions entailing hands on reflection by domain experts to achieve the environment and interface fidelity and training objectives when designing a virtual reality laparoscopic trainer. This suggests that this method could be used successfully in the future to enhance the value of VR systems as an alternative to physical trainers for laparoscopic surgery skills. Some recommendations on how to use this method to achieve the environment and interface fidelity of a VR laparoscopic surgical trainer are identified.

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How Much Should You Pay for that Box?

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of a Marksmanship Simulator as a Tool for Clothing and Individual Equipment Evaluation

Assessment of a Marksmanship Simulator as a Tool for Clothing and Individual Equipment Evaluation

Transfer of a Computer-Assisted Instrument Procedures Trainer to Flight

Achieving interface and environment fidelity in the Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Surgical Trainer

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