Evaluation of a conducting elastomeric composite material for intramuscular electrode application

Zheng, Xin; Griffith, Azante; Chang, Emily; Looker, Michael; Fisher, Lee E.; Clapsaddle, Brady J.; Cui, Xiufang

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.021

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Only a small portion of the developed materials and processes within the field of stretchable electronics [ 21 ] is suitable for implantable electronics, and often both materials and processes need to be tailored to match the requirements. Many different elastomer systems have been successfully used in animal studies, including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/silicone, [ 22 ] poly(styrene‐butadiene‐styrene) (SBS), [ 23 ] fluorosilicone, [ 24 ] and dimethacrylate‐functionalized perfluoropolyether. [ 25 ] However, for long‐term use in humans, a subset of silicone elastomers have been the choice so far, as they are already approved for use in chronic implants.…”

Section: Fabrication Methods For Implantable Stretchable Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 24 ] Subsequent dissolution of the PVA layer lifted off the fluorosilicone and exposed an electrode area of 6 mm 2 . [ 24 ] Masking has also been used for creating centimeter‐sized cardiac mesh electrodes (Figure 2A). [ 40 ] The masking approach tends to get more complicated for smaller electrode sizes as both the patterning of the mask and the removal of the encapsulation gets trickier.…”

Section: Fabrication Methods For Implantable Stretchable Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zheng et al covered the electrode site with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer prior to encapsulation of fiberbased electrodes with a fluorosilicone. [24] Subsequent dissolution of the PVA layer lifted off the fluorosilicone and exposed an electrode area of 6 mm 2 . [24] Masking has also been used for creating centimeter-sized cardiac mesh electrodes (Figure 2A).…”

Section: Methods For Electrode and Contact Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low young modulus significantly reduced inflammation and scar tissue formation and acetylcholine receptor staining showed a better preservation of the neuromuscular junction surrounding the electrode over the tested time period of 3 months. [ 24 ] Overall, soft nanocomposite electrodes are highly successful in recording and stimulating nerves and muscles because they enable large electrode surface areas and a closer interaction with the nerves and muscles which results in higher charge injection capacities and improved signal to noise ratios. Table 3 provides detailed information about the most relevant work and the key features of nanocomposite‐based electrodes for interfacing with the peripheral nervous system and muscles.…”

Section: Nanocomposite Materials For In Vivo Peripheral Nerve and Musmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soft Electronics Based on Stretchable and Conductive Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

Zambrano

Renz

Ruff

et al. 2020

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Research on the field of implantable electronic devices that can be directly applied in the body with various functionalities is increasingly intensifying due to its great potential for various therapeutic applications. While conventional implantable electronics generally include rigid and hard conductive materials, their surrounding biological objects are soft and dynamic. The mechanical mismatch between implanted devices and biological environments induces damages in the body especially for long‐term applications. Stretchable electronics with outstanding mechanical compliance with biological objects effectively improve such limitations of existing rigid implantable electronics. In this article, the recent progress of implantable soft electronics based on various conductive nanocomposites is systematically described. In particular, representative fabrication approaches of conductive and stretchable nanocomposites for implantable soft electronics and various in vivo applications of implantable soft electronics are focused on. To conclude, challenges and perspectives of current implantable soft electronics that should be considered for further advances are discussed.

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Section: Fabrication Methods For Implantable Stretchable Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication Methods For Implantable Stretchable Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods For Electrode and Contact Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanocomposite Materials For In Vivo Peripheral Nerve and Musmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Soft Electronics Based on Stretchable and Conductive Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

Zambrano

Renz

Ruff

et al. 2020

Adv Healthcare Materials

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show abstract

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Both hydrogel and elastomer-based approaches have been successfully used to stabilize CPs into mechanically robust hybrid materials referred to as conductive hydrogels (CHs) and conductive elastomers (CEs) respectively. [26,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] CHs have been demonstrated to achieve far superior electrochemical performance when compared to conventional metal electrodes, [33,34] however their fabrication has been primarily limited to coating of whole devices or individual electrode sites. This means that although CHs can match the mechanical properties of the nerve tissue and have superior electrochemical properties, they are not processable in a way that can be easily translated to the production of fully polymeric electrode arrays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable, Fully Polymeric Electrode Arrays for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

et al. 2021

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There is a critical need to transition research level flexible polymer bioelectronics toward the clinic by demonstrating both reliability in fabrication and stable device performance. Conductive elastomers (CEs) are composites of conductive polymers in elastomeric matrices that provide both flexibility and enhanced electrochemical properties compared to conventional metallic electrodes. This work focuses on the development of nerve cuff devices and the assessment of the device functionality at each development stage, from CE material to fully polymeric electrode arrays. Two device types are fabricated by laser machining of a thick and thin CE sheet variant on an insulative polydimethylsiloxane substrate and lamination into tubing to produce pre-curled cuffs. Device performance and stability following sterilization and mechanical loading are compared to a state-of-the-art stretchable metallic nerve cuff. The CE cuffs are found to be electrically and mechanically stable with improved charge transfer properties compared to the commercial cuff. All devices are applied to an ex vivo whole sciatic nerve and shown to be functional, with the CE cuffs demonstrating superior charge transfer and electrochemical safety in the biological environment.

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Conjugated Polymer for Implantable Electronics toward Clinical Application

Liu

Feig

Bao

2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Owing to their excellent mechanical flexibility, mixed‐conducting electrical property, and extraordinary chemical turnability, conjugated polymers have been demonstrated to be an ideal bioelectronic interface to deliver therapeutic effect in many different chronic diseases. This review article summarizes the latest advances in implantable electronics using conjugated polymers as electroactive materials and identifies remaining challenges and opportunities for developing electronic medicine. Examples of conjugated polymer‐based bioelectronic devices are selectively reviewed in human clinical studies or animal studies with the potential for clinical adoption. The unique properties of conjugated polymers are highlighted and exemplified as potential solutions to address the specific challenges in electronic medicine.

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Evaluation of a conducting elastomeric composite material for intramuscular electrode application

Cited by 16 publications

References 61 publications

Soft Electronics Based on Stretchable and Conductive Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

Soft Electronics Based on Stretchable and Conductive Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

Stretchable, Fully Polymeric Electrode Arrays for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Conjugated Polymer for Implantable Electronics toward Clinical Application

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