Conjugated Polymer for Implantable Electronics toward Clinical Application

Liu, Yuxin; Feig, Vivian R.; Bao, Zhenan

doi:10.1002/adhm.202001916

Cited by 54 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…[82] Conducting polymers exhibit attractive properties, such as mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, leading to low interfacial impedance, tunability by chemical synthesis, solution process ability and biomechanical compatibility with living tissues, which makes them ideal materials for bioelectronics and stretchable electronics. [83][84][85] However, they show typically poor mechanical properties and are therefore not suitable as self-healing materials. [86][87][88][89][90] Self-healing conductors can be achieved upon mixing with other polymers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which provide the mechanical characteristics leading to self-healing.…”

Section: Introduction To Organic Conducting Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Self‐Healable Conducting Polymers

Zhou

Sarkar

et al. 2022

Advanced Materials

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Materials able to regenerate after damage have been the object of investigation since the ancient times. For instance, self‐healing concretes, able to resist earthquakes, aging, weather, and seawater have been known since the times of ancient Rome and are still the object of research. During the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in self‐healing electronic materials, for applications in electronic skin (E‐skin) for health monitoring, wearable and stretchable sensors, actuators, transistors, energy harvesting, and storage devices. Self‐healing materials based on conducting polymers are particularly attractive due to their tunable high conductivity, good stability, intrinsic flexibility, excellent processability and biocompatibility. Here recent developments are reviewed in the field of self‐healing electronic materials based on conducting polymers, such as poly 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyaniline (PANI). The different types of healing, the strategies adopted to optimize electrical and mechanical properties, and the various possible healing mechanisms are introduced. Finally, the main challenges and perspectives in the field are discussed.

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Section: Introduction To Organic Conducting Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Self‐Healable Conducting Polymers

Zhou

Sarkar

et al. 2022

Advanced Materials

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“…[3] Soft bioelectronics were developed in recent years to replace the rigid components in traditional bioelectronics with tissue-like soft materials to improve the conformability and reduce the adverse immune responses, [4,5] and this area asks for high-performance soft conductors to realize the functionalities of such tissue-like bioelectronics.Conducting polymer hydrogels are promising conductors that can serve as the electrodes for soft bioelectronics. [6,7] Hydrogels are water-rich networks that present high biocompatibility, tissuelike mechanical properties, and tunable functionalities desired for bioelectronics. [8,9] However, it is a great challenge for a conducting polymer hydrogel to achieve both high conductivity and large stretchability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conducting polymer hydrogels are promising conductors that can serve as the electrodes for soft bioelectronics. [6,7] Hydrogels are water-rich networks that present high biocompatibility, tissuelike mechanical properties, and tunable functionalities desired for bioelectronics. [8,9] However, it is a great challenge for a conducting polymer hydrogel to achieve both high conductivity and large stretchability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly Conducting and Stretchable Double‐Network Hydrogel for Soft Bioelectronics

et al. 2022

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to exhibit tissue-like mechanical properties-soft, stretchable, and conformable to biotissues; and also needs to be highly conductive to enable high-quality electrical communications. Traditional bioelectronics are made of rigid materials like metals, which exhibit high electrical conductivity but large mechanical mismatch with biotissues, resulting in nonconformable electrode-tissue interface, and severe inflammation. [3] Soft bioelectronics were developed in recent years to replace the rigid components in traditional bioelectronics with tissue-like soft materials to improve the conformability and reduce the adverse immune responses, [4,5] and this area asks for high-performance soft conductors to realize the functionalities of such tissue-like bioelectronics.Conducting polymer hydrogels are promising conductors that can serve as the electrodes for soft bioelectronics. [6,7] Hydrogels are water-rich networks that present high biocompatibility, tissuelike mechanical properties, and tunable functionalities desired for bioelectronics. [8,9] However, it is a great challenge for a conducting polymer hydrogel to achieve both high conductivity and large stretchability. [8,10] Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is the most promising conducting polymer. Pure PEDOT:PSS hydrogels have been reported to present a high conductivity on the level of ≈40 S cm −1 , [11,12] but they are brittle because the single PEDOT:PSS network cannot effectively dissipate strain energy. [13] Incorporating the conducting polymer with another polymer network-by in situ polymerization of EDOT in an existing ductile network, [14,15] or by forming a second network in an existing PEDOT:PSS network to construct an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), [16] can enhance the stretchability of the hydrogel, but a huge decrease in electrical conductivity (<0.3 S cm −1 ) is observed. Such a compromise between stretchability and conductivity is potentially attributed to the deteriorated continuity and the low content of the conductive network when an electrically insulated network is introduced, [8] or the limited solubility of commercially available PEDOT:PSS solution (≈1 wt%).Herein, we report a double-network (DN) conducting polymer hydrogel of PEDOT:PSS and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with high electrical conductivity (≈10 S cm −1 ) and large stretchability Conducting polymer hydrogels are promising materials in soft bioelectronics because of their tissue-like mechanical properties and the capability of electrical interaction with tissues. However, it is challenging to balance electrical conductivity and mechanical stretchability: pure conducting polymer hydrogels are highly conductive, but they are brittle; while incorporating the conducting network with a soft network to form a double network can improve the stretchability, its electrical conductivity significantly decreases.Here, the problem is addressed by concentrating a poorly crosslinked precursor hydrogel with a high content ratio of the conducting polymer to achi...

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“…Conductive polymers continue to be an active research topic for biomaterials and have demonstrated record tensile strains (>100%), low moduli (kPa-MPa), and conductivity (10 1 -10 4 S m -1 ), [578][579][580][581][582] among other tunable charac teristics such as anisotropy, [583] adhesiveness, [156,[584][585][586] and bio degradability. [587] A wide range of polymers are being explored as stretchable semiconductors, optimizing for charge car rier mobility, [587][588][589] device density, [590] ionic transport, [591] and neuromorphic computing.…”

Section: Other Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Materials Chemistry to Advance Flexible Bioelectronics in Medicine

et al. 2022

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Designing bioelectronic devices that seamlessly integrate with the human body is a technological pursuit of great importance. Bioelectronic medical devices that reliably and chronically interface with the body can advance neuroscience, health monitoring, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Recent major efforts focus on investigating strategies to fabricate flexible, stretchable, and soft electronic devices, and advances in materials chemistry have emerged as fundamental to the creation of the next generation of bioelectronics. This review summarizes contemporary advances and forthcoming technical challenges related to three principal components of bioelectronic devices: i) substrates and structural materials, ii) barrier and encapsulation materials, and iii) conductive materials. Through notable illustrations from the literature, integration and device fabrication strategies and associated challenges for each material class are highlighted.

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Conjugated Polymer for Implantable Electronics toward Clinical Application

Cited by 54 publications

References 120 publications

Recent Progress on Self‐Healable Conducting Polymers

Recent Progress on Self‐Healable Conducting Polymers

Highly Conducting and Stretchable Double‐Network Hydrogel for Soft Bioelectronics

Recent Progress in Materials Chemistry to Advance Flexible Bioelectronics in Medicine

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