Evaluation of a bioelectrochemical reductive/oxidative sequential process for chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) removal from a real contaminated groundwater

Tetrachloroethane (TeCA) removal through sequential graphite-mixed metal oxide electrodes in a bioelectrochemical reactor

“…Considering continuous reactor operation for 24 h and the treated liquid flow in both runs (0.576 L), the energy consumption of the process was calculated to be 0.20 ± 0.06 and 0.29 ± 0.08 kWh m −3 of the treated solution ( Table 6 ). The energy consumption of the process was extremely contained and consistent with similar approaches documented in the literature [ 17 , 33 ].…”

Ecotoxicity attenuation by acid-resistant nanofiltration in scandium recovery from TiO2 production waste

“…Based on our results and experience with the ecotoxicity testing of wastes (red mud, fly ash, waste-derived biochars, transformer oil-contaminated soil and groundwater, soil contaminated with mazout, Zn, Cd, Pb contaminated soils and mine wastes, groundwater contaminated with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, etc.) [ 44 , 58 , [90] , [91] , [92] , [93] , [94] , [95] ] and considering the reported, diverse challenges (inhomogeneity, phase-separation, extreme pH, precipitation of contaminants due to pH adjustment) [ 41 , 89 ] that often arise during the testing of complex waste samples of varying physico-chemical characteristics, in our opinion, the use of a routine ecotoxicity characterisation approach of wastes should not be proposed in terms of the strict restrictions on the applied test methods. Instead, the use of a set of generally sensitive, high-throughput and time- and cost-effective ecotoxicity methods could be more straightforward and efficient, with specific recommendations for the most appropriate assays to test a particular waste sample.…”

Groundwater Bioremediation through Reductive Dechlorination in a Permeable Bioelectrochemical Reactor

“…Additionally, in the oxidative reactor, both oxidative and reductive dechlorination pathways were observed due to the presence of the internal counter-electrode, which acted as an electron donor. Using this sequential reductive/oxidative bioelectrochemical process, complete mineralisation of CAHs in real groundwater was achieved with no significant interference from Fe +3 or sulphate [36]. Another lab-scale reactor was designed to investigate the potential for in situ microbial RD using a different reactor configuration.…”