Ecotoxicity attenuation by acid-resistant nanofiltration in scandium recovery from TiO2 production waste

Industrial ecotoxicology in focus: The unexplored environmental impacts of pilot-scale advanced filtration in Sc recovery

“…All test organisms were selected based on their previously proven sensitivity to heavy metals [ [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ] and the examples in the field of testing complex wastes, wastewaters and environmental samples, such as construction product leachates [ 37 ], wastewaters [ 38 , 39 ], and foundry sludge leachates [ 40 ]. The selection of the applied ecotoxicity test methods with test organisms of 3 different trophic levels was also based on their performance in our previous study [ 31 ]. The aquatic plant test organism has been replaced with the terrestrial plant, S. alba , with easier cultivation and a shorter necessary exposure period.…”

“…The bacterial strain (NRRL B-111 77) used in the study was cultivated and maintained in the laboratory under axenic conditions. The routine maintenance of the A. fischeri bacterial strain and the protocol of the bioluminescence inhibition test was described by Fekete-Kertész et al [ 31 ]. The luminescence intensity was measured with a Fluostar Optima BMG Labtech microplate reader after 30 min incubation time in three parallels.…”

“…An inhouse D. magna colony was used in a series of experiments. The maintenance of the D. magna colony was described by Fekete-Kertész et al [ 31 ]. The D. magna acute lethality and immobilization tests were performed as described in the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) 202 [ 42 ] test protocol in three parallels.…”

“…In our previous publication, efforts were undertaken to establish an ecotoxicity toolkit specifically designed for assessing the ecotoxicological impacts of a laboratory-scale Sc recovery technology utilizing acid-resistant nanofiltration (arNF) [ 31 ]. Conducting and verifying the feasibility of the novel Sc recovery technology based on arNF at the laboratory scale in terms of environmental efficiency enhancement was essential prior to the implementation of the scaled-up pilot version of this technology to optimize process parameters, minimize environmental and financial risks, and ensure long-term cost-effectiveness.…”

Comparative Phytotoxicity of Metallic Elements on Duckweed Lemna gibba L. Using Growth- and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction-Based Endpoints

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at , File S1: metadata for Figures S1–S4 (main text); Figure S5: 3-parameter log-logistic concentration–response model fittings of RGR frond ; Figure S6: 3-parameter log-logistic concentration–response model fittings of F v /F o ; Figure S7: 3-parameter log-logistic concentration–response model fittings of Y(II); and Table S1: The results of the 3-parameter log-logistic model fittings with calculated EC 20 and EC 50 values for the studied endpoints. References [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 ,…”