Évaluation intégrée de l’efficience des ouvrages de protection contre les risques naturels en montagne

Carladous, Simon; Tacnet, Jean‐Marc; Curt, Corinne; Batton‐Hubert, Mireille

doi:10.4267/2042/56108

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Decision‐aid methods such as Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA – more adapted to compare investments), Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis (CEA – more adapted to compare maintenance scenarios), Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA – able to take into account damages on domains hardly monetarized, such as environment and health) have been applied to natural hazards since the 1990s (Gamper et al , ; Carladous, ). They aim to compare alternatives through aggregation of several criteria (Schärlig, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do we build check dams in Alpine streams? An historical perspective from the French experience

Piton

Carladous

Recking

et al. 2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

120

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For more than 150 years, humans have tried to limit the geomorphic activity of mountain streams, and the related damage, using torrent control works. Check dams are likely the most emblematic civil engineering structures used in soil conservation programs. Modern mountain societies have inherited thousands of these structures built in upland gullies and streams. To help define their effectiveness and decisions concerning their maintenance or new project designs, a clear understanding of potential effects of check dams on river systems, i.e. their functions, is first needed. The next steps concern quantitative assessments of each function on the flood features and combination of all effects. The present understanding of these sometimes old structures' functions can be complicated because the societal and environmental contexts in which the original structures were built may have changed. To bridge this gap, this paper traces the purposes for which check dams were built, through a detailed analysis of French archives. We first analyze chronologically how each function was theorized and applied in the field. In the nineteenth century, engineers developed a thorough empirical and conceptual knowledge of mountain soil erosion, torrential geomorphology, and sediment transport processes as well as check dam interactions with these natural processes. The second part of this paper synthesizes conceptual descriptions of the check dams' functions, in the light of more than 150 years of experience, with their implication on the features of the structures. The French experience is compared to other countries' pioneering works. Finally, the next steps and remaining research challenges toward a comprehensive analysis of check dams' efficiency in torrent hazard mitigation are presented. This analysis is proposed to remind how, conceptually, check dams may influence geomorphic systems, bearing in mind the knowledge represented in pioneer guidelines and recent works on the subject.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do we build check dams in Alpine streams? An historical perspective from the French experience

Piton

Carladous

Recking

et al. 2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Elles comprennent par exemple l'analyse des phénomènes, leur traduction en termes d'aléa (croisement de leur intensité et de la fréquence), l'évaluation des risques auxquels sont soumises des populations (croisement avec les dommages ou conséquences et la valeur associée), le choix des stratégies de protection de bâtiments dans le cadre des plans de prévention des risques (P.P.R.) ou enfin l'analyse de l'efficacité des ouvrages de protection (Carladous et al, 2014). La prise de décision peut être qualifiée comme un choix après une délibération ou un arbitrage (Le petit Robert, 2006).…”

Section: Processus D'expertise Et De Décision Dans La Gestion Des Risques Naturels 1la Gestion Des Risques Naturels Mobilise Des Processuunclassified

Modéliser la traçabilité et qualité de l'information dans les processus d'expertise des risques naturels

Vidaud¹,

Tacnet²,

Pinet³

2016

Congrès Lambda Mu 20 De Maîtrise Des Risques Et De Sûreté De Fonctionnement

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Les décisions prises en matière de gestion de risques naturels sont complexes et sont intimement liées aux expertises. Du fait des implications graves qu'elles peuvent engendrer sur la sécurité des personnes et des biens, elles ouvrent un questionnement essentiel sur les méthodes utilisées. Comment retracer chaque étape de la décision et l'ensemble des acteurs qui ont joué un rôle ? Quels contextes ont influencé la décision ? A quel moment ? Quelle phase de gestion du risque est concernée ? Quelles données sont entrées en jeu, étaient-elles incertaines ? Ont-elles été produites par des sources fiables et compétentes ? Quelles disciplines ont été mobilisées ? Concernant quel phénomène et sur quelle zone ? Tant de questionnements qui soulignent la nécessité d'évaluer, de propager et de tracer la qualité des informations et les raisonnements. Les décideurs et les experts ont besoin d'une vue globale, compréhensible et précise des informations qu'ils ont à disposition mais cette vue a besoin d'être complétée par des outils permettant d'appréhender la qualité et la traçabilité des données qu'ils manipulent. Les décisions sont prises dans des contextes incertains qu'il est intéressant de pouvoir qualifier pour l'expert, pour le décideur et pour le citoyen confronté à la décision. Dans cet article, nous présentons les premiers modèles spécialement dédiés à tracer et capitaliser les informations utilisées lors des processus de décision ou les raisonnements d'expert. Nous nous appuyons sur des méthodes utilisées en ingénierie logicielle et notamment l'utilisation du langage UML (Unified Modeling Language) et des diagrammes d'analyse des systèmes qu'il propose.

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“…Din punct de vedere al costurilor, la majoritatea sistemelor de lucrări concepute pentru amenajarea torenților, lucrările transversale implică efortul financiar cel mai mare. Eficacitatea acestor sisteme este, mai presus de toate structurală și funcțională dar, fiind supuse unor riscuri, încorporează o dimensiune economică care necesită extinderea evaluării performanței tehnice (Carladous et al 2014, Tacnet et al 2011.…”

unclassified

Efectul capacității portante a terenului de fundare asupra volumului și costului barajelor de greutate folosite la corectarea torenților

Ciornei¹

2018

Bucov. For.

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Efectul capacității portante a terenului de fundare asupra volumului și costului barajelor de greutate folosite la corectarea torenților I. Ciornei Ciornei I., 2018. The effect of the bearing capacity of the foundation ground on the volume and cost of the gravity dams used in torrent control activity. Bucov. For. 18(1): 35-48.Abstract. The paper analyzes the effect of the bearing capacity of the foundation ground on the volume and cost of some dams. Using a theoretical model, were analyzed 125 dams, as resulted from the combination of five categories of useful heights, with five categories of loads in the spillway, and five foundation ground categories with known bearing capacity. In our simulation, we choosed often-used dams that have an upside-down foundation and are made of beton. When deciding the spill area, we took into account the most unfavorable load scheme and the safety factors imposed by norms and basic, plus special loads. In order to achieve an economical optimum, it is necessary to minimize the cost of each work, which translates into a function that aims to minimize the volume of the dam, and also to minimize the area of its section. The external and internal stability conditions became mandatory criteria for the objective function. The 125 dams were dimensioned using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet prepared accordingly, while the minimization of the section was done using the Solver tool. It has been pointed that the section area and, implicitly, the volume of a 1 m wide dam stripe increases, as the load capacity the foundation ground. These volumes increase with the useful height of the work and the task of the spillway. The obtained results show that the specific investment indicator (determined as the ratio between the cost of the proposed works and the consolidated area) is also influenced by the nature of the foundation ground, and its use for comparing projects located at different conditions, at least in the case of dams, is not recommended.

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Évaluation intégrée de l’efficience des ouvrages de protection contre les risques naturels en montagne

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Why do we build check dams in Alpine streams? An historical perspective from the French experience

Why do we build check dams in Alpine streams? An historical perspective from the French experience

Modéliser la traçabilité et qualité de l'information dans les processus d'expertise des risques naturels

Efectul capacității portante a terenului de fundare asupra volumului și costului barajelor de greutate folosite la corectarea torenților

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